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opm PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
PART XXVI. 1858. GA GN,
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ; SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE,
AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
LIST
CONTRIBUTORS,
With References to the several Articles contributed by each.
Apams, A. Lertu, M.B., Surgeon 22nd Regiment. page Notes on the Habits, Haunts, &c. of some of the Birds of India (communicated by Messrs. T. J. and F. Moore) .... 466
Remarks on the Habits and Haunts of some of the Mam- malia found in various parts of India and the West Himalayan Mountains (communicated by Messrs. T. J. and F. Moore).. 512
Barrp, W., M.D., F.L.S., &c. Description of Two New Species of Entozoa .......... 224
Beatriz, Wm., Hon. Sec. Montrose Nat. Hist. Soc.
Note on the Reproduction of Nemertes borlassii (in a letter addressed to Dr. Gray) «. 2... 262.0. cece ececesee S07
Bennett, GeorGe, F.Z.S., &c.
Notes on the Habits of the Scythrops nove hollandie (communicated by John Gould, Esq.).... 6.2.6... 00064. 462
a2
lv
page
CARPENTER, Pui.ir P. First Steps towards a Monograph of the Cecide, a Family
of the Rostriferous Gasteropoda ............ 0. cece eens 413 Dourn, H. ;
Descriptions of New Species of Land and Freshwater Shells collected in Ceylon, from the Collection of H. Cuming,
FEBS AG Waa sae Peewee pha ee FLL bec COC 133
Description of New Species of the genus Paludomus, from Ceylon, in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq....... esos 535
Eyton, Toomas CampsBeLtL, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. Note on the Skeleton of the Sheath-bill (Chionis alba) .. 99 FLower, WiuuiaM H., F.Z.S., ete.
Exhibition of Ezocetus volitans, to which was attached a specimen of Penellus blainvillii, Milne-Edwards (Leoneo- penna, blainvilli. of, Lesnent )) 90.4.5. s:cininistn stu hal does eee 372
Gou.Lp, Joun, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &e.
Exhibition of British specimens of the Motacilla flava, Ray, and note from Mr. Thirtle of Lowestoft, as to its occurrence in that part of England. . 77
Remarks on three specimens of Steller’s Duck exhibited by Mriheavenst: yi: nite tec eee a Mites, woe tawone 78
Remarks on a series of Birds collected es Mr. A. R. Wal- lace in the Aru Islands . : Sirahe a OK Bats oh. nial
On a New Species of Toucan ay ena Dae 149
Exhibition of specimens of the American shige calen- dulus, and the Night Heron. . EEO ee
Extract from a Letter addressed to him by his son Mr, Charles Gould ..... Fe ERS IA rieaear ee eee -- 290
On a New Species of Ptarmigan...) 0.00... oe dees 354
Descriptions of Two New Species of the family Hirundi- WEA SAA es argent Risto ee ickee' Gc ARO ieee eae 355
- Exhibition of a Drawing of Molossus australis of Gray .. 372
v
Gray, Dr. Joun E., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc., &c.
An Attempt to distribute the species of Olive (Oliva, Lamarck) into Natural Groups, and to define some of the Bpedes jee. ees
Notice of a New Genus of Uropeltide, from Ceylon, in the Collection of the British Museum ...........e0e.0-.->
Notice of the Bosch Vark (Potamocherus africanus) living athe trardens of the Society «i... oasis owaw icin veieties sad
On a New Genus of Mytilide, and on some distorted forms which occur among Bivalve Shells................
Observations on the genus Nerita and its Operculum....
Observations on the genus Cuseus, with the Description Pie PIGW Species os 3). ese wns eee Amin Anemia tis a a6)
List of Species of Mammalia sent from the Aru Islands by Mr. A. R, Wallace to the British Museum ......
Description of Aphroceras, a New Genus of Calcareous Spongiadze, brought from Hong-Kong by Dr. Harland ....
On Aphrocallistes, a New Genus of Spongiade from Ma- PRE NG Glee Piage 2s spine vig as Heo stew e Cae ee ss
Proposal to separate the family of Salamandride, Gray, into Two Families, according to the form of the Skull ....
On the power of dissolving Shells possessed by the Ber- ER CE ORUIUS 68s i ancn dphees Oe ys vlan bw wa eee
Description of a New Genus of Boide from Old Calabar, and a List of West African Reptiles..................
Description of a New Genus of Sponge (Xenospongia) PONE MIRDMT PUINSUL fo cn ay acs ies hace ck bs autnae eden 82
Additional Observations on the genus Furcella ........
On a New Genus and several New Species of Uropeltide, in the Collection of the British Museum................
page
On Carpenteria and Dujardinia, two genera of a New
Form of Protozoa with attached Multilocular Shells filled with Sponge, apparently intermediate between Rhizopoda ire ee
. 266
vi
page Note on the Egg of the Mooruk (Casuarius bennetti, Gould) from New Britain, in the British Museum........ 271 On the Families Aspergillide, Gastrochenide, and Hum- phreyiadeé ........ BRS Sey Ato gear a a gi NA ip sh eee 307 On Charadella and Lichenella, New Forms of Polyzoa from Amairate 3 Sui. 5.c. She bc cn eee eee eg eee ee 319 Description of Riama, a New Genus of Lizards, forming a distinct Family .. eee 88 fold fo a6 te ee On the Pan SEER of Dr, dohnstonss3. 66 oe 531
Gray, GeorGe Rosert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
A List of the Birds, with Descriptions of New Species, ob- tained by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ké Islands 169
GinTHER, Dr. ALBERT. On the Systematic Arrangement of the Tailless Batra- chians, and the Structure of Rhinophrynus dorsalis ...... 339
On the Geographical Distribution of Reptiles.......... 373
Han ey, Sytvanvus, F.L.S., &c.
Description of a New Cyrena from Ceylon, and of New
IGNORGTAB. BG ees Fateh a Te eae ew eth aa ESO 23 Description of two New Species of Pinna ............ 136 AFEh EGE OUG TE 5a om bn jason vor Wing ew 60 aim a Dw abe x <5 se ee Desenption of New Pinnze!. . 20) se5 rsa asaeleicn 2 225, 254 Description of a New Onisege 06 sis. he Seine omens, sa wales 255 Description of a New Cyrena and Bulla .............. 543
Hartiaus, Dr. Gustav, of Bremen, Foreign Member Z. 8.
On New Species of Birds from Western Africa, in the Col- lection of the British Marseunmt 9.6 ..6:0) s:cieie wis’ sei lw ds oh a 291
Synopsis of the Fringilline Genus Erythrura .......... 461
Hewrirtson, W. C.
Descriptions of some Butterflies from the Collection of DAE: WOOURES 25 ves Cheeks Saks ess u,v 'vacn i lgrare a wee 464
vii page Hoxupsworth, E, W. H., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
On Electra verticillata, with a Notice of its different ari BU eaROMIRET. pai etc: oO a tcc ck ew den eh ade. 306
Kaup, Dr. J., Director of the Museum at Darmstadt. On Nemophis, a New Genus of Riband-shaped Fishes .. 168
Krerrt, GERARD.
A few Remarks on the Habits and Economy of the Brown- capped Pomatorhinus (P. ruficeps, Hartlaub)............ 352
Meves, M. W., Conservator at the Zoological Riks-Museum in Stockholm.
On the Snipe’s ‘‘ Neighing”’ or Humming Noise, and on its Tail-feathers’ Systematic Value. Translated and communi- eated by John Wolley, jun., Esq., F.Z.S., &. .........4. 199
MitcHe tt, D. W., B.A., F.L.S., Secretary Z.S. On the Indian Pheasants bred in the Menagerie........ 544
Moors, FrReEpERIC, Assistant, Museum East India Company.
Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and Athyma, two genera of diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymphalidae ....... PERN A chat word oY vin w Gude VER 9 tere 3
Preirrer, Dr. L.
Descriptions of Eleven New Species of Land Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ............--0+--:- 20
Descriptions of Ten New Species of Bulimus, from the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. ........-.-0-- se eee: 256
Satmon, Joun D., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Exhibition of a specimen of Baillon’s Crake with Seyen Ree os n'a ce cee RENE ORAET Ais aid agit’ agit a vhs s,s ¢ POO
viii page Scrater, Puiuie Lutzey, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Notes on Californian Birds. By Thomas Bridges, Corre- sponding Member. Communicated with Remarks by Mr. EIBEE Chs a tat eae eae I SS a le sea. Ga oapereiy cane en
Notes on aCollection of Birds received by M. Verreaux, of Paris, from the Rio Napo in the Republic of Ecuador .... 59
Notes on some Birds from Southern Mexico .......... 95 On some New or Little-known Species of casita oc in the Collection of the Norwich Museum .......... .....+-.. 128 Note on the Variation of the Form of the Upper Mandible Mi O DAPACIOUS DIE (siete dc - 5 \< 9 acco eae ae ee 150 Synopsis of the American Ant-birds (Formicariide). Part I., containing the Thamnophiline .............445 202 ———-. _ Part II., containing the Formicivorine or AEA LOTS ooo iain Sie ew eee 0s mie tbat Sule. £)5yh kaha tae oe . Part III., containing the Formicariine or Ant- PEDPRSICS >. '5 sya ge Se ee RLS ops RS is OR oe EER Ee ote eee 272 Additional Note on the Har Goose ees ma- gellanica) . oi Teka Seated: . 289 On some New or Little-known Sse of tanger from the Collection of M. Verreaux of Paris. . al . 293 On a Collection of Birds received Ee M. Sige Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.................2-.+0 294
Description of a New Species of the genus ae from
MGRIGO? 72.5, Ascala nace Sees BA nha te REE Se 356 List of Birds collected by George Cavendish Taylor, ie rs in the Republic of Honduras ...... ‘ eri cs)
Characters of Five New Species of American Birds...... 446 List of Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Cuenca,
Gualaquiza, and Zamora, in the Republic of Ecuador...... 449 On Two New Species of Ant-birds in the Collection of the
Derby Museum at Liverpool............ ek 540 Note on the genus Cichlopsis of Cabanis. . ‘aca s es se
On the Birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser in the vicinity of Riobamba, in the Republic of Ecuador .............. 549
age Smiru, J. P. G. eh
On a living Octopus (in a letter addressed to Dr. Gray)., 533
Soruesy, S. Lreien. ‘Note on a Talking Canary (addressed to Dr. Gray) .... 231
Taytor, E. Cavenpisn, M.A., F.Z.S., &c.
Note on the eae of the Bit gor Bird, and Crocodile of Jamaica....... RO IG ain Beri's pose des a oR, NO
Tuompson, GENERAL Perronet, F.R.S., M.P. On the Lepidosiren (in a note to Dr. Gray) .......... 535
Tuompson, WILLIAM.
Remarks on the British Actiniade, and Rearrangement of Co) EES Sig a Se ee a Seats ee A 145
ToMEs, Rongnr F. A Monograph of the genus Nyetophilus .............. 25
On the Characters of Four Species of Bats inhabiting Europe and Asia, and the Description of a New Species of
Vespertilio inhabiting Madagascar .............. epee ee A Monograph of the genus Miniopteris .............. 115 - A Monograph of the genus Kerivoula . eT ie
On the Vespertilio suillus of Temminck, the st of the genera Murina (Gray) and Ocypetes (Lesson) . sare cae
Notes of Five Species of Bats in the Collection of L. L. Dillwyn, Esq., M.P.. colleeted in Labuan by Mr. James
AES Sa en ee em Notes on a Collection of Mammalia made by Mr. Fraser PP MUEMIS CG oA gan Pieter yaa Sly oo aa eee «oe CAO
WaLLica, SURGEON G. C., M.D.
Note of a New Preservative Process......00...+ee+e8- 536
Descriptions of some ee Coleoptera syne a8
4
Woopwarp, S. P., and Tracks Barrett.
On the genus Synapta (communicated by J. S. Gaskoin,
LIST OF PLATES.
1858. MAMMALIA. Plate Page @LIX. Potamocherus africanus, Gray... 16s e sree eee eens 58 LX. Vespertilio formosus? .......0seeeeeeesereeeneee 78 LXIJI. Cuscus orientalis, 3 9, Gray ....eeeeseeeneeeeees 100 LXIL. celebensis, Gray... sees ce cece even taceve 100 LXIII. Dactylopsila trivirgata, Gray .... 6.666 e eee eee 106 LXIV. Myoictis wallacii, Gray «2.0... cee e cere cece eee 106 LXV. Miniopteris schreibersii and M. blepotis.......+..+++ 115 LXVI. Kerivoula @rosa and K. lanosa .. 0.6.60 eee ee eee 322 AVES.
CXXXI. Melanerpes rubrigularis, Scl. ... 6-100 scene renee 1
Euchetes coccineus, Scl. .. 0... cece erence eeeee OXXXIL { Creurgops verticalis, Scl. 6... essere eee tenes } 5 CXXXIII. Dacelo tyro, G. R. Gray «0.66. eee e eens 169 CXXXIV. Todopsis cyanocephala, G. R. Gray «1.06. ++ +e ees 169 CXXXV. Chalcopsitta rubrifrons, G.R. Gray ......+- +200 es 169 CXXXVI._ Ptilonopus wallacii, G. R. Gray ...... 000s ee ee ees 169 CXXXVII. ————— aurantiifrons, G. R. Gray......++++++++ 169 CXXXVIII. — coronulatus, G. R. Gray 1... sere ees 169 CXXXIX. Thamnophilus amazonicus, $ 2, Sel. «es eeeeee 202 CXL. Dysithamnus leucostictus, Scl. 1.1.0. es cree er eees 223 Myrmotherula surinamensis, 3, Scl. «..-+++++0++ 9% CXL. { — multostriata, 6 9, Scl. ......e06- } acm CXLII. Formicivora erythrocerca, Scl. «1.1.0.0 e seen rene 232 CXLII. Myrmelastes plumbeus, 3 9, Sel... sess eeeeeeeees 272 CXLIV. Eggs of the “ Mooruk” ........e0sesceeereeeees 271 CXLV. Phrygilus ocularis, 3 3, Scl..... ce ccceeeneeeeeee 449
ae Elainia griseigularis, Sel. 6... eee ee eee e ences » cial strictoptera, Scl..... sess se cece ee eeeees } sas CXLVII. Young of Catreus wallichii and Lophophorus impeyanus 544 CXLVIIL { oe of Gallophasis albocristatus and acta 544
OTSiClA . 0c ccc rece creccrencesesevesecnce
CXLIX. Eggs of Gallophasis horsfieldii, G. melanotus, G. albo- cristatus, Catreus wallichii, and Lophophorus im-
5d4
POCYANUS cc cvccvecctereenensecconcnsessuseess
‘
ii
REPTILIA. Plate Page XIII. 9 Mitylia gerrardi, Gray .. 1.6... 0c sees se asves dee ee XIV. Calaharia fusca, Gray .. 6. cece cee eee eee eens 155 XV. Argalia olivacea, Riama unicolor, Gray .......++++. 444 MOLLUSCA. XL. New species of Land Shells in the Collection of H. Cumming, Hise... heise s sews ns ee ele nny 20 XLI. Stavelta toria, Gray... cece cece cuss recceccus 90 XLII. New species of Bulimus and Oniscia, in the Collec- tion of H. Cuniing, Esq. 5 2... ace ce ee nes * 255-6 ANNULOSA. XLIX. L. ; Asiatie species of Neptis and Athyma............+-. 3 LI.
LII. New species of Entozoa .......0.03000005 kd eee 224 LIII. New species of Longicorn Coleoptera ..........4+ 398 LIV. fe species of Butterflies in the Collection of ee 46 4
a MV GROG. allergies om vas ate Beis eh oes belo
RADIATA. Aphroceras alcicornis, Gray os oo wicca esis os oh wien 113 X. {oan GOUCHU;< ODMSEON..<) vadane ccaceis Selene eee 557 Sudisea Garleeip Gray, 2005s vs qie «caida onisiads yee sk eae 531 XI, . Aphrocallistes. beatria,, Gray. v.00 0 00.02 sos dae ee 114
XII. Xenospongia patelliformis, Gray ......-. esse eens 229 RES: Blectrawerticvbata, occa \eceisy vpis.s.sa.s cients Ga pees 306 XIV. Synapta digitata, S. inherens, S. bidentata, Chiri-
dota levis, and Myriotrochus rinkit.........+. . 360
SS er
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
January 12, 1858.
Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.
The following papers were read :—
1. Nores on CauirorniaAN Birps. By Tuomas BripGes, CorRESPONDING MEMBER. COMMUNICATED, wiTH Re- MARKS, BY PatLtip LuTLEY SCLATER.
(Aves, Pl. CXXXI.)
Mr. Bridges has lately forwarded to Mr. Cuming specimens of the following eleven species of birds, with the accompanying notes. I have affixed to them what I believe to be their proper names, and have given a new appellation to a Woodpecker, which appears to have been hitherto unnoticed. Mr. Bridges’s second collection was unfortunately lost in the ‘‘ Central America.” Of the first I gave some account in these ‘ Proceedings’ for last year (P. Z. 8S. 1857, p- 125).
1. Astur aTricapriLuus (Wilson), juv. Shot in Trinity Valley, Northern California.
2. TeTRAo opscurvs, Say? ?.
This species is found ranging along the Sierra Nevada, at an ele- vation of 4000 to 6000 feet, in the Pine Forests. The specimen now forwarded was taken on Trinity Mountains, N. California. I have also seen the same bird in the Tosemite Valley, near the head waters of the Mercedes River, Mariposa County. Compare this with
No. CCCXLVII.—Procrepincs or tur ZooLocicat Sociery.
2
Tetrao obscurus ; 1 am almost inclined to believe it differs from that species.
(I must see males of this species before I can consider it different from 7’. obscurus.—P. L. 8.)
3. CaLuipepLa picta (Douglas). Found in flocks in the Sierra Nevada near Shasta.
4. Dryocopus pILeatus (Linn.).
I have only seen this fine species of Woodpecker in the Pine Forests of the Sierra Nevada, at an elevation of 4000 feet, and there it is somewhat rare, and difficult to capture. The present specimens were taken on Scott’s Mountains, Trinity County, in October.
5. Metanerpes torquatus (Wils.), ? juv.
This bird I first saw in Scott’s Valley, on the Pinus Benthamiana. Like the Melanerpes formicivorus they live in small communities, as I saw three pairs together in the above locality. In winter they mi- grate towards the oak-groves at the base of the Sierra Nevada, seek- ing a milder climate than the snow-covered pine regions.
6. MELANERPES RUBRIGULARIS, Sclater, sp. nov. (Pl. CXXXI.)
Supra nitenti-niger : linea circumnuchali ab oculis incipiente, altera utrinque suboculari a rictu latiore, tectricibus alarum superioribus, dorso postico et caude tectricibus superioribus, necnon maculis secundariarum trium extimarum apicalibus et in pogonio externo primariarum tertie, quarte et quinte albis: subtus nitenti-niger, gula media ruberrima, abdomine medio flavicante, lateribus et crisso albo nigroque variegatis ; tectri- cibus alarum inferioribus et remigum pogonio interiore cineras- centi-nigris, maculis quadratis numerosis albis: caude rectri- cibus omnino nigris : rostro et pedibus nigris.
Long. tota 8°5, alee 5:4, caudze 3°5, rostri a fronte 1-0, tarsi 0°8.
(This Woodpecker, which is represented by Mr. Bridges as very rare, appears to have escaped the researches of the American natu- ralists; at least I am acquainted with no record of its existence, though it may have been described quite lately. It appears to be well placed in the genus Melanerpes, of which no less than six species are already known to inhabit California, namely M. erythrocephalus, M. torquatus, M. thyroideus (Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 32: Picus natalie, Malherbe, Cab. Journ. f. Orn., 1854, p. 271), M. formicivorus (Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 2), M. albolarvatus, and M. ruber. From all these it is quite different in colouring, and may be recognized at once by its black breast and bright scarlet throat-mark, whence I have named it M. rubrigularis.—P. L. 8.)
A very rare bird, the only one of the species I have ever seen. Shot in Trinity Valley, on the pines. Probably this may occur more frequently in Oregon or the British possessions. Had it been com- mon, I should have seen it in the southern part of the State of California.
i el
G HFord
3
7. MELANERPES ALBOLARVATUS. — Leuconerpes albolarvatus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1850, p. 106; Journ. Ac. Phil. n. s. iii. p- 257. pl. 22, g et 2.
This is not uncommon in the Trinity Valley, seeking its food on the tall pines. The male is easily distinguished from the female by the red band of feathers at the base of the cranium. if Sasi placed in the genus Melanerpes than with Leuconerpes.—
8. Picus marrist (Aud.). Shot near Shasta, base of the Sierra Nevada.
9. Picus nuTratui, Gambel. Taken on the mountains near Shasta in September.
10. Turpus nxvius (Gm.), Bp. Consp. p. 271.
This pretty species of Thrush is very rare in California, as I have only seen two specimens. These I observed in the coast range of mountains west of Santa Clara. It inhabits the evergreen oak-groves, Quercus densifolia. Taken in October (female).
11. CINcLUS AMERICANUS, Sw.
I have only seen this remarkable bird in the head waters of Trinity and Scott’s Rivers at California. It is constantly seeking its food amongst the boulder rocks in the rivers, or on the shallows amongst pebbles; sometimes wading, diving or swimming, and at other times flying from rock to rock. I have often watched them, and always felt a sort of amusement at their restless and singular movements.
San Francisco, Nov. 18th, 1857.
2. Monocrarn or THE Astatic Species or Nepris anpD ATHYMA, TWO GENERA OF DiuRNAL LEPIDOPTERA BELONG- ING TO THE Famity Nympnauip&. By Frepertc Moore, Assistant, Museum East Inp1ia Company.
(Annulosa, Pl. XLIX.-LI.)
The following monograph contains descriptions of all the species of the genera Neptis and Athyma that I have been enabled to bring together from the various collections in this country.
Genus Neptis, Fabricius.
Neptis, Fabricius, Syst. Gloss. (Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 282, 1808) ; Horsfield ; Westwood.
Acca, p., Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett (1816).
Limenitis, p., Boisduval, Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 16 (1840); E. Doubleday.
1. Neptis Horponia.
Papilio Hordonia, Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. t. 33. f. 4, 4. D. (1791).
Nymphalis Hordonia, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 429.
Limenitis Hordonia, E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1.
. 93. : : Neptis Hordonia, Westwood in Doubleday & Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 271. n. 3; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 164.
Hab. Silhet; Darjeeling; N. India; Ceylon; Java. In most collections.
Remark.—Neptis Hordonia may be known by the mottled mark- ings of the under-side.
2. Neptis Para, Moore. (Pl. XLIX. f. 1.)
Neptis Pata, n. sp.—Upper-side brown-black ; markings ferru- ginous, these being disposed as in Neptis Hordonia. May be distin- guished from that species by the under-side being black, and with- out any mottled markings.
Hab. Manilla. In the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.
3. Neptis Tiga, Moore.
Papilio Heliodore, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 130 (1793) ; Jones, Icon. iv. t. 76. f. 2 (nec Cramer, 1782). Nymphalis Heliodore, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 429. Limenitis Heliodore, EK. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. . 93. f Neptis Heliodore, Westwood in Doubleday & Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 271. n. 4; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.1.C. p. 164. Hab. Java; Borneo. In Museum East India Company ; British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq. Remark.—Neptis Tiga may be distinguished from the two pre- ceding by the well-defined markings of the under-side.
4. Neptis AnTarA, Moore. (Pl. XLIX. f. 2.)
Neptis Antara, n.sp. Male.—Upper-side dusky-brown; fore- wing with discoidal streaks, curved interrupted band from costal margin near the apex to middle of posterior margin, and narrow sub- marginal wavy line, deep ferruginous ; indistinct marginal and narrow border to submarginal line, blackish ; hind-wing with straight inner and curved narrower outer band deep ferruginous; indistinct mar- ginal and submarginal line, and inward borders to the two bands blackish. Under-side very pale, markings as above, but all having black borders. Expanse nearly 2 inches.
Hab. Celebes. In British Museum Collection.
5. Neptis Miran, Moore.
Neptis Miah, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 164. pl. a. f. 1 (1857).
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Neptis Miah.—Upper-side brown-black ; fore-wing with a longi- tudinal streak from base of wing, an oblique transverse short apical fascia, which nearly meets a reversely oblique fascia on posterior margin, rufous; hind-wing with a nearly straight broad inner band and a narrow submarginal band rufous. Under-side dark ferrugi- nous ; fore-wing with the longitudinal and oblique marks pinky- white ; two narrow submarginal lines purple; hind-wing with inner band pinky-white ; two submarginal and a less distinct middle line purple; costal margin at the base whitish. Expanse 22 inches.
Hab. Darjeeling; N. India. In Museum East India Company, and W. W. Saunders, Esq.
Remark,—Allied to the two preceding species, but may be distin- guished by the colour and markings of the under-side.
6. Nepris Manasa, Moore.
Neptis Manasa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 165, pl. 4a. f. 2 (1857).
Neptis Manasa. Male. —Upper-side dull dusky-brown ; markings white, tinged with very pale ferruginous ; fore-wing with the dis- coidal streak long, and continued in a curve to near the posterior angle; an apical oblique streak ; two small spots on costal margin, and one below the margin; a spot on middle of posterior margin ; a marginal row of small indistinct spots ; hind-wing with broad inner and narrower outer band, both extending across the abdominal mar- gin; an indistinct marginal line and line between the two bands; narrow cilia white. Under-side pale ochreous, with indistinctly- defined white markings ; the discoidal streak is continued uninter- rupted to the middle of the posterior margin, the space within being blackish ; on the hind margin are some small white markings between the inner band and costal vein. Expanse 2} inches.
Hab. N. India. In Museum East India Company.
Remark. —Neptis Manasa may be distinguished above by the dis- coidal streak being nearly confluent with the spot on the middle of the posterior margin, it being quite confluent on the under-side,
7. Nepris ANANTA, Moore.
Neptis Ananta, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 166. pl. 4a. f. 3 (1857).
Neptis Ananta. Male.—Upper-side brownish-black ; markings ferruginous ; fore-wing with discoidal streak straight; a curved twice-interrupted band from anterior margin near apex to middle of posterior margin ; a pale marginal line ; hind-wing with rather broad inner and narrow outer band, both extending across the abdominal margin; also a pale marginal line and line between the bands, Under-side very deep ferruginous ; fore-wing with discoidal streak, spots near apex and from posterior margin, ferruginous-white ; pos- terior margin broadly patched with black ; a marginal and submar- ginal bluish-ashy line; hind-wing with inner band white, outer band
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grey and indistinct; a marginal line and zigzag line between the two bands bluish-ashy. Expanse 23 inches. Hab. Simla; N.W. India. In Museum East India Company, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq. : Remark.—This species may be known from N. Manasa by its ferruginous markings and straight discoidal streak.
8. Nepris Narayana, Moore. (PI. XLIX. f. 3.)
Neptis Narayana, n. sp. Male.—Upper-side black; markings white ; fore-wing with the discoidal streak narrow ; along costal mar- gin towards the apex some narrow spots, with two large spots de- scending obliquely across the apex; a quadrate spot in middle of dise, and another on posterior margin ; two submarginal narrow spots parallel with the quadrate discal spot ; hind-wing with straight inner and narrower nearly straight outer band. Under-side glossy ferru- ginous, darkest about the middle of the wings, very pale at the base of costal margin, and blackish along posterior margin of the fore-wing ; fore-wing with markings as above; hind-wing with sub- marginal line, zigzag line between the two bands, greyish-white. Ex- panse 22 inches.
fab. N. India. In British Museum Collection.
Remark.—Allied to Neptis Zaida, but may be known from that and other allied species by the markings on the upper-side being pure white.
9. Neptis Rapua, Moore.
Neptis Radha, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.i. p. 166. pl. 4 a. f. 4 (1857).
Neptis Radha. Male.—Upper-side brownish-black ; markings ferruginous ; fore-wing with a long discoidal streak, narrow at base, and extending to a short distance between the third and second me- dian veinlets ; two small spots on costal margin, and two larger ob- lique spots near the apex; a large spot on disc, and an elongate spot to middle of posterior margin ; marginal line pale ; hind-wing with rather broad mner and narrower outer band, both extending across the abdominal margin; a marginal line and line between the two bands pale brown. Under-side ferruginous-brown; markings as above, but indistinct, owing to the surface being mottled over with ashy-blue. Expanse 27 inches.
Hab. Darjeeling ; Bootan; N. India. In Museum East India Company.
10. Neptis Zarpa.
3 Limenitis Zaida, BK. Doubleday, MS.
Neptis Zaida, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal - Lep. p. 272. n. 9. t. 35. f. 3 (1850).
Hab. Simla; N.W. India. In Collection British Museum, and W. ©. Hewitson, Esq.
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Remark.—Neptis Zaida (the male only of which I am acquainted with) has the wings more rounded than in the other allied species, and on the hind-wing the inner band is very broad, the outer band narrow and much curved.
ll. Nerris Ampa, Moore. (Pl. XLIX. f. 4.)
Neptis Amba, n. sp. _Male.—Upper-side smoky-brown ;_ mark- ings white ; fore-wing with long discoidal streak indented at the ex- tremity of the cell; two oblique spots near the apex, and four re- versely oblique spots to middle of posterior margin; an indistinct marginal and submarginal black line; hind-wing with rather broad imer band and narrow brownish-white outer band ; marginal and snbmarginal line darker. Under-side dark ferruginous; markings as above; but the marginal and submarginal lines, base of costal margin, and streak near base of hind-wing also white.
Hab. Nepal (General Hardwicke). In Collection British Mu- seum,
12. Nepris Vixast, Horsfield.
Neptis Vikasi, Horsfield, Catalogue of Lep. Mus. E. I. C. (1829) t. 5. f. 2, 2a; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. 1. C. i. p. 165.
Limenitis Vikasi, E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 94.
Athyma Vikasi, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 274. n. 10.
Hab. Java; Darjeeling; N. India. In most collections.
13. Nertis Cotumetia. (Pl. XLIX. f. 5.)
Papilio Columella, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. t. 296. f. A, B (1782). Limenitis Columella, E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. . 95. ; Neptis Columella, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 272. n. 7; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E, I. C.i. p. 166.
Acca Columena, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44.
Hab. Darjeeling, N. India; China; Ceylon; and specimens from the Island of Lombok, which I have examined, are also identical. In Collection British Museum, East India Company, W.W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
14. Neptis Jumsa, Moore.
Neptis Jumba, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 167. pl. 4a. f. 5 (1857).
Neptis Jumba. Upper-side smoky-black ; fore-wing with a nar- row longitudinal streak, and a parallel triangular spot, white; a transverse curved row of interrupted white spots, from apical third of costal margin to near middle of posterior margin, composed of two very narrow longitudinal spots on the costal margin, beneath which are two large spots, then a very small streak, then two large spots, and lastly two narrower spots terminating on posterior margin; be- tween this band of spots and exterior margin are two rows of more
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or less defined lunular-shaped white spots, these being bounded exte- riorly by a row of deep black ; hind-wing with a broad white band from costal to abdominal margin, being intersected by the veins; near outer margin a row of ill-defined white lunulated marks, bounded exteriorly by deep black, then a submarginal row of black lines ; between the white band and row of lunated white marks is a broad band of black. Under-side ferruginous; fore-wing with markings as above, but the four rows of markings along exterior margin white, and suffused at the apex and near the middle with ferruginous ; hind-wing with the broad white band; abdominal margin, base of costal margin, and broadly across parallel with the band, suffused with white; a marginal and two submarginal rows of whitish marks, between which and the broad band is a series of fine dark ferruginous spots from abdominal margin, and terminating in white marks on costal margin. Body above black, beneath white. Sexes alike. Expanse 22 to 25 inches.
Hab. Darjeelng, N. India; Ceylon. In Museum East India Company, British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
15. Neptis Heriopora.
Papilio Heliodora, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. t. 212. f. E, F (1782) (nec Fabr. 1793).
Acca Heliodora, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. f. 44.
Nymphalis Helicopis, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. pf. 431 (1819).
Athyma Helicopis, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 274. n. 3.
Hab. Moluceas ; Amboyna (Cramer).
Remark.—I have not as yet seen any example of this species. It is allied to the following.
16. Nepris SHerHerpt. (Pl. L. f. 1.)
Limenitis Shepherdi, Newman, MS.—Upper-side brownish-black ; fore-wing, with discoidal streak in two portions, the first being indi- stinct, the second a triangular spot ; oblique spots from costal margin near apex, two larger spots on middle of the disc, and an elongated spot and a small dot above it on posterior margin, a submarginal row of spots and second outer very indistinct row, white ; hind-wing with broad white transverse band from near middle of anterior to middle of abdominal margin; marginal lines pale brown. Under-side fer- ruginous-brown, suffused in parts with paler brown ; fore-wing with base of costal margin yellow; markings as above, but the first por- tion of discoidal streak more distinct, the discal spots somewhat smaller, and between marginal row of spots and outer margin are two rows of narrow white linear marks; hind-wing with transverse white band ; three and an indistinct fourth row of narrow marginal lines ; base of anterior margin and below costal vein whitish. Expanse 23 inches.
Hab. New South Wales, Australia. In Collection British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
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17. Nertris Soma, Moore. (Pl. XLIX. f. 6.)
Neptis Soma, n. sp.—Allied to, but differs from, Neptis Nandina, on the upper-side, in baving the discoidal streak narrower, and the curved row of seven spots are much smaller, being only half their size, and are wider apart; the submarginal row of spots is also smaller ; the bands on hind-wing are also narrower; on the under- side the colour is of a deep maroon, the markings as in upper-side, but those on the hind-wing less straight. Sexes alike. Expanse from 23 to 22 inches.
Hab. Silhet, N. India. In Collection British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
18. Nepris Nanprina, Moore.
Neptis Nandina, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 168. pl. 4 a. f. 7 (1857).
Neptis Nandina.—Upper-side black ; markings white ; fore-wing with discoidal streak in two entire portions; the curved row of seven spots broadly interrupted ; and a submarginal row of small less- defined spots ; hind-wing with inner band, and narrow outer row of less-defined square spots; indistinct marginal line and line between the bands brown. Under-side deep chocolate-brown, with markings as above, but more defined and of a brighter colour; those of the hind-wing rather straight, except the marginal and submarginal lines, which are gently curved. Sexes alike. Expanse 2} to 22 inches.
Hab. Darjeeling, Assam, N. India; Java. In Museum East India Company, British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
Remark.—This species may be known from Neptis Aceris by the deep chocolate colour of the under-side, by the anterior margin of hind-wing being evenly arched to beyond the middle, and by all the markings on this wing being nicely and evenly curved, more evenly than is shown in the figure.
19. Nepris ACERIS.
Papilio Aceris, Esper, Ausl. Schmett, t. 81. cont. 31. f. 3, 4; t. 82. f. 1 (1785) ; Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 52; id. Ent. Syst. iil. pt. 1. p. 245.
Nymphalis Aceris, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 430.
Acca Aceris, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44.
Limenitis Aceris, Boisduval, Icon. Hist. t. 18. f. 2; id. Ind. Méth. p. 16; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 95; Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. 11. p. 428.
Neptis Aceris, Fabricius, Syst. Gloss. (Iliger’s Mag. vi. p. 282) ; Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. t. 7. f.9; Westwood in Double- day and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 271. n. 5; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 168.
Papilio Plautilla, Wibner, Europ. Schmett. Pap. f. 99, 100
1805). c es Matuta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44 (1816).
Neptis Matuta, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 272. n. 6.
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Papilio Leucothoé, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. t. 296. f. E, F (nec Linn.) ; Donovan, Ins. of China, Ist edit. t. 35. f. 3 (nee Linn.).
Limenitis Eurynome, Westwood in 2nd edit. Donovan’s Ins. of China, p. 66. t. 35. f. 3.
Athyma Eurynome, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diur- nal Lep. p. 274. n. 2.
Hab. Germany ; Hungary ; South Russia; North-western, North- eastern, Central, and Southern India; Ceylon; China; Madjico Sima; Pinang, Malacca, Java, Borneo, Manilla. In most collections.
Remark.—After carefully examining a number of specimens of this species from all the localities above enumerated, I am enabled to say that I can detect no difference between the alleged species Aceris, Matuta, and Eurynome. Specimens measuring in expanse from 14 to 23 inches are obtained from the same locality, and the Chinese specimens are generally larger, some being 23 inches in expanse ; those from the latter locality have been named Hurynome by Mr. Westwood, the ¢ype-specimen of which I have examined.
20. Neptis Ipa, Moore. (Pl. XLIX. f. 7.)
Neptis Ida, n. sp.—Upper-side dusky brown; fore-wing with discoidal streak, and curved series of white spots as in Neptis Aceris ; marginal, submarginal and third inner row of small white spots ; hind-wing with broad inner band, and narrower outer row of widel separated spots, white; a marginal line of narrow whitish marks ; line between the two bands pale brown. Under-side pale ferru- ginous, markings as above, all white and broader. Expanse 22 inches.
Hab. Celebes or Mindanao. In the Collection of W. W. Saun- ders, Esq., and W.C. Hewitson, Esq.
This beautiful species was recently brought home by Madame Ida Pfeiffer.
21. Nepris Duryopana, Moore. (PI. XLIX. f. 8.)
Neptis Duryodana, un. sp.—Differs from Bornean specimens of Nep. Aceris, in being of a much blacker colour on the upper-side, the markings also being much whiter; and in the under-side being brown, where the inner band of the hind-wing does not extend to the inner margin as in that species, and the marginal and submar- ginal lines are more curved. Expanse 21 inches.
Hab. Borneo. In collection of British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
22. Neptis Nata, Moore.
Neptis Nata, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.1.C.i. p. 168. pl. 4 a, f. 6 (1857).
Neptis Nata.—Upper-side deep black, markings very white ; fore- wing with discoidal streak long, in two portions ; curved series of spots small; hind-wing with the bands narrow. Under-side dusky brown; inner band of hind-wing not extended to anterior margin ;
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a marginal line only between outer band and exterior margin, the submarginal line being obsolete. Sexes alike. Expanse 2% inches.
Hab. Singapore and Borneo. In Collection East India Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W.C. Hewitson, Esq.
Genus Atayma, Westwood.
Athyma, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p- 272 (1850).
Acca, pt., Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett.
Biblis, pt., Fabricius, Syst. Gloss. ; Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. (1829).
Limenitis, pt., E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus.
1. Arpyma LEvCcOoTHO:E.
Papilio Leucothoé, Linneeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. 292; id. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. ii. p. 780; Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 129; Sulzer, Hist. Ins. t. 18. f. 2, 3.
Nymphalis Leucothoé, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 430.
Acca Leucothoé, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44.
Biblis Leucothoé, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. t. 8. f. 3.
Limenitis Leucothoé, Westwood in Donovan’s Ins. of China, 2nd edit. t. 35. f. 4; Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. 11. p. 428; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 94.
Athyma Leucothoé, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di- urnal Lep. p. 273; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 170.
Papilio Eriosine, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. t. 203. f. E. F.
Najas hilaris Erosine, Hibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. Band.
Papilio Polyzena, Donovan, Ins. of China, Ist edit. t. 35. f. 4 (1798).
Hab. N. India; China; Java; Sumatra. In most collections.
Remark.—The specimens of Athyma Leucothoé from Java are generally smaller than those from India, and have the central band broader and the portions closer together. Sexes alike.
2. ATHYMA OPALINA,
Lymenitis opalina, Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. 2. p. 427 1844). Athyma opalina, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 274. n. 5; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. 1. C.i. p. 171. pl. 5a. f. 2.
Hab. Darjeeling; Masuri (Kollar and Hearsey). In Collection East India Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
Remark.—This species may be distinguished by the discoidal streak being divided into four portions, as in Athyma Leucothoé, and by the deep ferruginous colour of the under-side being suffused
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in parts with grey and greyish brown. Expanse 22 to 22 inches. Sexes alike.
3. Atoyma Banuta, Moore. (PI. L. f. 2.)
Athyma Bahula, nu. sp.’—Allied on the upper-side to Athyma opalina, and, like that species, on the fore-wing has the discoidal streak divided into four portions, but which differs in being narrow and the terminal portion being much elongated, whereas in A. opa- lina this portion is short; it has also a distinct submarginal row of linear spots ; the bands are also narrower throughout ; on the under- side this species differs in the fore-wing in haying the portions of the discoidal streak divided by a blackish line, and a distinct mar- ginal and submarginal row of spots; space between the markings blackish ; on the hind-wing between the curved precostal streak and inner band are some short blackish lines: in Ath. opalina, on the inner band from the middle of its lower margin, there is a descending greyish portion to abdominal margin, whereas in Ath. Bahula this is wanting ; space between the two bands with blackish patches ; a distinct marginal row of linear spots. Expanse 23 to 24 inches. Sexes alike.
Hab. Sylhet. In British Museum Collection, and W. C. Hewit- son, Esq.
4, Aruyma LARYMNA.
Limenitis Larymna, EK. Doubleday, MS.
Athyma Larymna, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diur- nal Lep. p. 274. n. 7. t. 35. f. 1 (1850) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. BekOsi, p2 172.
Hab. Borneo. In Collection East India Company, British Mu- seum, and W. W. Saunders, Esq.
Remark.—In this fine species, recently sent home by Mr. Wal- lace, the sexes are alike.
5. Aruyma Reta, Moore. (PI. L.f. 3.)
Athyma Reta, un. sp.—Allied to, but differs from Ath. Kresna in having the discoidal streak somewhat narrower, the three oblique spots near the apex and the three to the posterior margin much larger, there also being a small spot between these two series ; mar- ginal lines very indistinct ; bands on the hind-wing rather broad ; markings of the under-side as in above. Expanse 23 inches.
Hab. Sumatra (Raffles). In the collections of Dr. Horsfield and W. C. Hewitson, Esq. ;
6. Aruyma Kresna, Moore. (PI. L. f. 4.)
Athyma Kresna,n.sp. Male.—Upper-side blackish-brown ; fore- wing with discoidal streak in three portions, the third portion largest and triangular; an oblique transverse row of three spots near the apex; a large spot in middle of disc, and two smaller spots on middle of posterior margin, bluish-white; a submarginal row of
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small ill-defined whitish spots ; hind-wing with inner band and nar- rower outer row of spots, bluish-white ; a narrow marginal line to both wings, light brown. Under-side brown, with markings as above, but all less defined, except the marginal line, which is whitish. Expanse 2,5;. Body with collar and band across abdomen white.
Hab. Borneo; Sumatra. In Collection British Museum.
Allied to Ath. Larymna, Dbl., but distinguished by its smaller size and white markings, the discoidal streak in that species being in four portions.
7. AtaymA Nerre. (PI.L. f. 5.)
? Papilio Nefte, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. t. 256.f. E. F. (1782).
Pantoporia Nefte, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44.
Nymphalis Nefte, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 429.
Limenitis Nefte, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. t. 8 (4 B.). f. 6; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 93.
Athyma Nefte, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 274.n. 11; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 173.
Hab. Java; Borneo. In Museum East India Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
Remark.—The male of Athyma Nefte has all the markings of the upper-side white, these in the female being orange-coloured.
8. Aruyma Asira, Moore.
Anthyma Asita, n.sp. Male.—Differs from Ath. Inara on the upper-side of the fore-wing in having the basal portion of the dis- coidal streak white ; the submarginal row of spots being ferruginous at the apex of the wing only, the rest being white ; and on the hind- wing in having both bands white. Under-side with markings coloured as in upper-side. Expanse 22 inches.
Hab. Unknown, probably N. India. In Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.
Remark.—This species is intermediate between Athyma Nefte and Ath. Inara. Female unknown.
9. ArnyMA Inara. (PI. L. f. 6.)
g Limenitis Inara, E. Doubleday, MS. $ Athyma Inara, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 274. t. 34. f. 3 (1850) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. . 173. ' Hab. Darjeeling, N. India. In Collection East India Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq. Remark.—The female of Athyma Inara has all the markings on the upper-side orange colour, as in that sex of Ath. Nefte.
10. Arayma Susrata, Moore. (PI. LI. f. 1.)
Athyma Subrata, n. sp. Female.—Upper-side deep brown, with the markings disposed as in the female of Athyma Nefte; but they are all narrower, and instead of being of a deep orange colour, are
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suffused with very pale brown. The under-side is also much darker, being of a light smoky-brown, with all the markings white. Ex- panse 2} inches.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra. In Collection British Museum, and W. W. Saunders, Esq.
11. Arayma Cama, Moore.
Athyma Cama, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.1.C.i. p. 174. pl. 5 a. f.53 Q (1857).
Athyma Cama. Male.—Upper-side velvety-black ; fore-wing with a brown marginal and submarginal line ; discoidal streak indistinet, ferruginous, and dusted over with black; near the apex a ferrugi- nous spot; two oblique spots from subcostal vein on one-third of the wing from the apex, and a band of three spots from middle of wing to posterior margin, joining a band across the hind-wing, white, bordered with blue ; on the hind-wing also a marginal and submar- ginal brown line. Body black, with a broad white band across base of abdomen, also a pale ferruginous line across the thorax. Under- side pale ferruginous, markings purplish-white; the curved band as above; fore-wing with a long broad irregular discoidal streak, a sub- marginal and indistinct marginal line; a black patch near the base of wing, and another near posterior angle ; hind-wing with a curved line near base of wing, and a rather broad outer band, a marginal row of marks ; some patches of brown between outer and inner band. Body and abdominal margin broadly grey.
Female.—Upper-side black; markings ferruginous; fore-wing with a long discoidal streak ; an oblique band from anterior to near middle of exterior margin, and nearly joining a band running to middle of posterior margin ; a marginal and submarginal brown line, the latter ferruginous anteriorly and posteriorly ; hind-wing with a broad inner and narrower outer band ; also a marginal brown line. Body black, with a white band across the base of abdomen, and tinged below the band with ferruginous ; also a pale white collar. Under- side ferruginous ; markings as in the male, but pinky-white, except marginal and submarginal lines, which are purplish-white. Expanse of wings in male 24 to 27 inches, female 3 inches.
Hab. Darjeeling, N. India. In. Museum East India Company, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
Remark.—The male of Athyma Cama may at once be known from that sex of Ath. Selenophora in having on the upper-side a ferrugi- nous spot close to the apex, and the band on the fore-wing being composed of three spots.
12, AraymMaA SELENOPHORA.
3 Limenitis Selenophora, Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. 14: p- 426. t. 7. f. 1, 2 (1844); Westwood in Doubleday and Hewit- son’s Diurnal Lep. p. 276. n. 8.
Athyma Selenophora, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. 1. C. i. p. 175.
Hab. Masuri (Kollar); Darjeeling. In Collection East India
—————
15
Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
Remark.—The male of this species may be distinguished from Ath. Cama on the upper-side by having the oblique subapical spots narrower, and the band on the fore-wing being composed of four spots; in the under-side being of a darker ferruginous colour, and the streak along discoidal cell being divided into “four portions, and in having darker black blotches ; also in having on the hind-wing four short black lines disposed between the inner band and discoidal vein. Expanse of male 2 inches. Female unknown, but would have the markings above ferruginous.
13. ArayMA RanGa, Moore.
Athyma Ranga, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.i. p. 175. pl. 5 a f. 6 (1857).
Athyma Ranga.—Upper-side smoky-black ; fore-wing with a curved interrupted white band from anterior margin, one-third from the apex, to middle of posterior margin, being composed of eight spots, the first on anterior margin very narrow, second, third and fourth elongate conical, the fourth being the shortest ; fifth triangular and broadly divided from the fourth ; sixth broad, largest, and nearly square ; seventh narrower and broadly divided from the sixth ; and eighth long and narrow; a marginal and submarginal row of rather indistinct whitish spots ; base of wing covered with indistinct white spots ; hind-wing with broad inner band, intersected by the veins ; an outer or submarginal row of broad conic-shaped indistinct white spots ; a marginal row of very indistinct spots, also indistinct spots at the base of wing; abdominal margin whitish. Body dark brown: abdomen with two rows of small white spots. Under-side with the markings the same and very distinct; body and abdominal margin greenish-white. Expanse 23 inches. Sexes alike.
Hab. Darjeeling. In Museum East India Company, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
14. Aroyma Mauesa, Moore.
Athyma Mahesa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 176. pl. 5a. f. 7 (1857).
Athyma Mahesa. Male.—Upper-side smoky-black ; fore-wings with a green gloss in some lights ; fore-wing with three white ovate spots obliquely from subcostal vein one-third from the apex; two white spots in middle of the wing, the upper one very small, and two white spots on middle of posterior margin, the upper oval, the lower narrow ; two indistinct white spots in discoidal cell, and some indi- stinct greenish spots at the base of the wing; a marginal and sub- marginal row of light brown spots; hind- -wing with an inner white band, divided by the veins, ca an outer or submarginal row of in- distinct brownish-white conic-shaped spots; also a very indistinct marginal row of small light brown spots. Body brown; abdomen
16
with two rows of white spots. Under side paler, tinged with ferru- ginous about the disc ; markings the same, but all very distinct, and more or less white; the spots within discoidal cell and base of fore- wing divided by black marks ; base of costal margin yellowish-white ; hind-wing with space between precostal and costal vein yellowish- white; a curved oval black mark, whitish within, between the costal vein and inner band; a row of black patches between inner and outer band. Body and broadly on abdominal margin yellowish-grey. Expanse 2¢ inches.
Hab. Darjeeling. In Museum East India Company, and Hopeian Collection at Oxford. ¢
Remark.—This species may be known from Athyma Ranga by its larger size and much narrower band.
15. Arayma Asrasa, Moore. (PI. L. f. 7.)
Athyma Abiasa, n. sp. Male.—Upper-side black; markings bluish-white ; fore-wing with an indistinct narrow streak from base, and a large spot near extremity of the discoidal cell; an indistinct narrow transverse disco-cellular line; three spots obliquely from subcostal vein one-third from the apex, the third spot being minute ; two spots in middle of the disc, the upper one small, the lower very large, also a large spot on middle of posterior margin ; also a sub- marginal row of very small whitish spots; hind-wing with rather broad inner band, and outer row of recurved small triangular spots ; an indistinct brown marginal line. A band of white across base of abdomen. Under-side dusky-brown, marked as above, with the mar- ginal lines plainer. Expanse 2 inches.
Hab. Java. In British Museum Collection.
16. Aruyma Iprta, Moore. (PI. LI. f. 3.)
Athyma Idita, n. sp. Male.—Upper-side blackish-brown ; mark- ings bluish-white ; fore-wing with the discoidal streak in two portions, the first narrow, the second somewhat round; from subcostal vein curving to middle of posterior margin a series of seven spots, the upper two oval, rather long, the third the smallest, fourth larger, the third and fourth widely separated from second and fifth, fifth largest, nearly round, outwardly oblique, sixth and seventh irregu- larly shaped; a submarginal row of narrow indistinct marks, that at the posterior angle being largest ; hind-wing with inner band, and narrow row of six rather square spots curving upward and outward from near abdominal angle, the last spot near anterior angle centred with a dark brown dot. Front of thorax beautifully variegated with ferruginous, green, brown and blue; base of abdomen with broad bluish-white band. Under-side very deep ferruginous ; fore-wing having the discoidal streak with black transverse margins and an ill- defined third portion: curved row of spots as above; a submarginal row of large white, black-centred spots; a submarginal and mar- ginal line of white marks ; some dusky patches along posterior mar- gin ; the large portion of the discoidal streak and submarginal row
17
of spots with purple reflexions ; hind-wing with curved streak near the base, inner band, outer row of recurved spots, submarginal line of lunular marks, and marginal row of spots, white ; abdominal mar- gin greyish. Expanse 24 inches.
Hab. Java? In the Collection of the British Museum, Dr. Hors- field, and J. O. Westwood, Esq.
17. AtpyMa Kanwa, Moore. (PI. LI. f. 2.)
Athyma Kanwa, n. sp. Female.—Upper-side brown-black ; fore- wing with discoidal streak in two portions, the first long, slightly clavate, the second large and triangular; two small oval oblique spots near the apex, the two outer the smallest; a round spot in middle of the dise, and a spot and a dot on middle of posterior mar- gin; an ill-defined submarginal row of narrow marks, white ; hind- wing with inner and outer narrow band, white, divided by the vein- lets ; also an indistinct pale brown submarginal line. Under-side paler, with darker patches between the veins; markiugs as above. Body with two transverse bluish-white bands. Expanse 22 to 24 inches.
Hab. Borneo. In Collection British Museum, and East India Company.
18. Arayma Asura, Moore.
Athyma Asura, Moore, Catal. Mus. E.1.€. i. p. 171. pl. 5a. f. 1 (1857).
Athyma Asura.—Upper-side smoky-brown; markings creamy- white ; fore-wing with a narrow discoidal streak, which is terminated at a short distance by an angular mark ; a band of spots curving out- wards from anterior to middle of posterior margin, the first spot commencing as a very narrow line, second and third long and oval, fourth the smallest, fifth somewhat larger and rounded, sixth larger still and oval, seventh the largest, square, indented at the side, eighth narrow and on posterior margin ; a submarginal row of well- defined lunular marks, terminated on the apex of the wing by an inner row of three small spots; hind-wing with a broad imer band, also a less broad band from abdominal to anterior angle, this being intersected by the veinlets, and having a single black spot in the middle between each veinlet; marginal line in both wings pale brown. Body with a narrow bluish-white collar and band across the base of the abdomen. Under-side bright ferruginous ; markings as above, but the fore-wing has the submarginal row of marks broad, and having a black spot in the middle of each ; also a marginal row of small spots ; some black lines bordering the discoidal marks, also a small black circle near base of wing, and a patch of black on pos- terior margin near the angle; hind-wing with the inner and spotted outer band the same as above; a bluish-green curved line across the base of wing, and a marginal row of lunular spots. Body and upper part of abdominal margin bluish-green, Sexes alike. Expanse 3 inches.
No. CCCXLVITI.— Proceepincs or tuk ZooLoGIcAL Sociery.
18
Hab. N. India. In Collection India House, British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., W. C. Hewitson, Esq., and Hopeian Museum at Oxford.
Remark.—This species may be distinguished from all others by the outer band on the hind-wings having a central spot between each vein.
19. ATHYMA SULPITIA.
Papilio Sulpitia, Cramer, Pap. Fxot. iii. t. 214. f. E. F (1782), nec Fabr.
Acca Sulpitia, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 44.
Nymphalis Strophia, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. f. 431 (1819).
Athyma Strophia, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diur- nal Lep. p. 274. n. 4.
Hab. China. In Collection W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
20. ATHYMA SANKARA.
Limenitis Sankara, Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. 11. p. 428 (1844).
Hab. Masuri, N. W. India (Kollar).
Remark.—We have been unable to identify this species from the description by Kollar. .
21. Arayma Jina, Moore.
Athyma Jina, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 172. pl. 5a. f 3 (1857).
Athyma Jina. Male. — Upper-side smcky-brown; markings creamy-white ; fore-wing with the discoidal streak entire, long, broad and thickening to the extremity ; a series of seven spots from subcostal vein, curving outward to middle of posterior margin, the first being small, second larger, broader, third narrow, fourth small, fifth larger, oval, sixth the largest, somewhat square and indented at the side, seventh narrow, elongated, triangular; a submarginal row of rather indistinct spots, those on the apex broadest ; hind- wing with inner band somewhat narrow; outer band composed of broad lunulated spots. Band at the base of the abdomen whitish. Under-side brilliant ferruginous, posterior margin of the fore-wing blackish ; markings the same as above, but the fore-wing with an additional spot on costal margin to the curved row ; extreme exterior margin blackish, bounded inwardly by a submarginal row of white lines; hind-wing with the inner band extending across abdominal margin ; space between base of wing and costal vein white ; extreme exterior margin blackish, bounded inwardly by a marginal row of narrow lunular marks. Body white. Expanse 3 inches.
Hab. Darjeeling, N. India. In Museum East India Company.
Remark.—This species may at once be distinguished by the dis- coidal streak being entire.
yy ne
19
22. ArnyMA Pravara, Moore.
Athyma Pravara, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 173. pl. 5 a. f. 4 (1857).
Athyma Pravara.—Upper-side smoky-brown , markings creamy- white ; fore-wing with an enfire club-shaped streak ; a transverse row of spots curving outward from costal vein towards the apex, to middle of posterior margin, the first and second spot being rather large and square, the third much smaller, the fourth a mere dot, the fifth the largest and oval, the sixth large and indented at the sides, the last narrow ; a row of submarginal linear-shaped spots, more or less distinct ; hind-wing with a broad inner band, and a narrow band of spots curving outwardly from anal angle to anterior angle ; a submarginal line and abdominal margin light brown. Body with a narrow bluish-white band across the thorax, and another across the base of the abdomen. Under-side paler brown, with markings as above, but with dark-brown patches between the markings. Body and abdominal margin greyish. Sexes alike. Expanse 2+ inches.
Hab. Java; Borneo. In Museum East India Company, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
23. ArHyMA [LuicreRA. (PI. LI. f. 4.) Limenitis Illigera, Escholtz in Kotzebue’s Voy. t. 8. f. 17.
Neptis Illigera.—Upper-side brown-black; fore-wing with ill- defined brownish-white entire discoidal streak ; a large spot crossed by a vein in middle of the disc, and a small spot on middle of pos- terior margin, white; also several transverse series of small white spots at the apex; hind-wing with a broad white inner band; an indistinct narrower outer band, marginal line and line between the bands, pale brown. Under-side as above, with all the markings white. Sexes alike. Expanse 21 inches.
Hab. Manilla. In collection British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
24. AruymMA Dama, Moore. (PI. LI. f. 5.)
Athyma Dama, n.sp. Female.—Upper-side brown-black ; fore- wing with narrow straight line within discoidal cell, and a parallel large longitudinally oval spot white, the narrow line tinged at the base with yellow ; two small subapical spots, a larger spot on lower
art of disc, and two narrow spots on posterior margin, white; an ill-defined brownish-white marginal and submarginal spotted line ; hind-wing with broad white inner band, and a narrow outer band, marginal line, and line between the bands, pale brown. Under-side as above, but tinged with ferruginous; all the markings white. Ex- panse 1,5, inch.
Hab. Manilla. In collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
25. Arnyma Kasa, Moore. (PI. LI. f. 6.) Athyma Kasa, n. sp. Female.—Upper-side smoky brown ; fore-
20
wing with ill-defined whitish discoidal streak, in three portions ; from costal margin near the apex three narrow spots, oblique; im middle of disc two large spots, and two on middle of posterior mar- gin, broad, white ; an indistinct marginal and submarginal pale brown line, the latter anteriorly spotted with white ; hind-wing with broad white inner band, and very narrow line of whitish lunulate marks, bounded above with a lunular black spot ; an indistinct black line between the band and the latter; an indistinct pale brown mar- ginal line. Under-side ochreous-red, with darker margins, markings
as above, the interstices with patches of black; spots at base of ~
wings, and row of spots within the outer band and another row be-
tween the two bands of the hind-wing, black ; marginal lines white.
Abdominal margin and body greenish-grey. Expanse 3 inches. Hab. Philippine Islands. In British Museum Collection.
26. Arayma Gutama, Moore. (Pl. LI. f. 7.)
Athyma Gutama, nu. sp. Female.—Upper-side smoky-black ; fore-wing with ill-defined brownish-white discoidal streak, straight, entire ; three oblique spots from costal margin near the apex, and three to the middle of posterior margin, white, the first of the latter being large and oval, the second square, the third narrow; an ill- defined margin and submarginal brownish-white lines, the submar- ginal anteriorly being spotted with white; hind-wing with broad white inner band, and narrow brownish-white outer band; marginal line and line between the band brownish. Under-side rather paler, with markings as in upper-side, but more defined and all white, ex- cept the line between the bands of the hind-wing and an irregular line outside the oblique spots of the fore-wing, which are ochreous. Expanse 23 inches.
Hab. Manilla; Philippine Isles. In collections of the British Museum, and W. W. Saunders, Esq.
27. ATHYMA VENILIA.
Papilio Venilia, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. n. 120 (1767); Clerck, Icon. t. 32. f. 4; Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 134; Cramer, Pap. Exot. ni. t. 219. f. B. @.
Nymphalis Venilia, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 433.
Hab. Java; Ceram or Amboyna (Madame Pfeiffer). In collec- tion British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Ksq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
3. Descriptions, or ELeven New Species or Lanp-SHEtts, FROM THE CoLLECTION oF H. Cumine, Esa. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER.
~
(Mollusca, Pl. XL.)
1. Hevix Wauvacet, Pfr. T. subperforata, subconoideo-depressa, solidula, leviter striata, pallide isabellina, fusco-unizonata et
froc.£. 3. Mollusca AL
6
10
| Cylindrella eximia, 2 Bulimus Marie
, } : i, uP oy 5 tl W.ll.- Helix ickn 4 H furchasn: Jt Wallace:
6 i! tesiud / li conérna & Achatime la vemnia;
9A.cinnamomea; 10.A2mnuscula; ILA sulcata Par W West Imy
21
punctis pellucidis nigricantibus conspersa; spira convexa, vertice subtili, prominulo ; sutura albo-marginata ; anfr. 5 vix convexius- culi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus antice deflexus, basi palli- dior, obsolete spiraliter sulcatus ; apertura obliqua, late lunari- ovalis, intus saturate caslanea ; perist. rectum, marginibus re- motis, columellari ad perforationem in laminam triangularem re-
flevo.
Diam. maj. 31, min. 264, alt. 17 mill.
8. Minor, punctis pellucidis pallidis, apertura intus alba, castaneo- unifasciata. Hab. Macassar (Mr. Wallace).
2. Hexix restupo, Pfr. 7. imperforata, trochiformis, solidula, striatula et rugis obliquis decussata, pallide isabellina, maculis et flammis fuscis picta ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; sutura cari- nato-marginata ; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus acute carinatus, superne tumidus, antice vix deflexus, basi subplanulatus ; apertura perobliqua, rhombeo-lunaris ; perist. al- bidum, margine supero expanso, basali reflexo, columellari lato, planato, adnato.
Diam. maj. 35, min. 28, alt. 17 mill.
Hab. Madagascar.
3. Hetrx conerua, Pfr. T. imperforata, trochiformis, solidula, striatula, carnea, fasciis fuscis varie picta; spira subconcavo- conica, apice obtusiuscula ; anfr. 6 conveviusculi, ultimus irregu- lariter inflatus, vir descendens, distinctius costulato-striatus, basi planiusculus, nitidior ; apertura diagonalis, subtetragono-ovalis ; perist. nigro-castaneum, expansum, extus striga lateritia cinctum, marginibus callo nigricante junctis, dextro dilatato, columellari lato, complanato.
Diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 24 mill.
Hab. Admiralty Islands (Dr. Purchas).
4. Hextrx Purcuast, Pfr. T. imperforata, globoso-depressa, tenuissima, confertissime plicatula et sub lente subdecussata, eneo- micans, pellucida, pallide cornea ; spira breviter conoidea, obtusa; sutura marginata; anfr. vir 34 planiusculi, rapide accrescentes, ultimus non descendens, medio carina compressa, acuta, alba mu- nitus, subtus inflatus, basi gibbosus ; apertura ampla, obliqua, late angulato-lunaris ; perist. tenue, breviter reflecum, margine colu- mellari arcuato, compresso, subcalloso, juxta foveam centralem non dilatato.
Diam. maj. 23, min. 17}, alt. 13} mill.
Hab. Admiralty Islands (Dr. Purchas).
5. Heurx Frickt, Pfr. 1. late umbilicata, lentiformis, tenuiuscula, striata, corneo-lutescens, strigis et maculis rufis orpata; spira breviter conoidea ; sutura marginata, subexcavata; anfr. 7 plani vel concaviusculi, ullimus subdeflexus, acute carinatus, circa um-
22
bilicum (4 diametri superantem) tumidulus ; apertura obliqua, securiformis, ringens ; lamellis 2 in pariete aperturali, nulla in margine columellari, 4 minoribus in basali, 1 in supero ; perist. rectum, acutum.
Diam. maj. 8, min. 73, alt. 3 mill.
Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick).
Differt ab H. lamellosa, Fér., sculptura, umbilico lato et deficiente plica columellari.
6. AcHATINELLA (NEWCoMBIA) CINNAMOMEA, Pfr. T’. imper- forata, sinistrorsa, fusiformi-turrita, solidula, opaca, longitudina- liter plicatula, spiraliter sublirata et brevissime granulata, cinna- momea ; spira elongata, subrectilinearis, apice acutiuscula ; sutura subsimplex ; anfr. 6 vix convexiusculi, superi fusco et albido mar- morati, ultimus 2. longitudinis subequans, infra medium attenuatus, castaneus ; columella simplex, recedens ; apertura parum obliqua, semiovalis, basi subangulata ; perist. simplex, rectum, acutum.
Long. 19, diam. 5 mill.; ap. 72 mill. longa, 3 lata.
Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick).
7. ACHATINELLA (Newcomsia) GEMMA, Pfr. 1. subimperfo- rata, sinistrorsa, oblongo-turrita, solidiuscula, striatula et spira- liter lirata (liris planiusculis, conferte sulcatis), alba ; spira tur- rita, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 7, superi plani, obsolete fusco-variegati, sequentes convexiusculi, ultimus 2 longitudinis subequans, medio lira acutiore subcarinatus ; colu- mella leviter plicata ; apertura parum obliqua, obauriformis ; perist. subsimplex, margine columellari subreflexo, externo expan- siusculo.
Log. 17, diam. 64 mill.; ap. 7 mill. longa, 3 lata.
B. Fulvo-lutescens, anfractibus superis saturate corneo-strigatis. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick).
8. ACHATINELLA (NEwcomBtia) suLcata, Pfr. T. subperforata sinistrorsa, oblongo-turrita, solidula, striatula et liris confertis, in anfr. superioribus compressis, tum rotundatis cincta, castanea, nitidula ; spira regulariter attenuata, apice acutiuscula ; sutura subsimplex ; anfr. fere 6 planiusculi, supremi albo-flammulati, ultimus 2 longitudinis subequans, basi saccatus, saturatius casta- neus ; columella levissime plicata; apertura obliqua, acuminato- ovalis ; perist. tenue, margine columellari superne dilatato, re- flexo, externo expansiusculo.
Long. 123, diam. 52 mill. ; ap. 52 mill. longa, 3+ lata.
Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick).
9, ACHATINELLA (NEWcomBIA) MINUSCULA, Pfr. 1’. subimper- Sorata, sinistrorsa, ovato-turrita, tenuiuscula, sub lente minute de- cussata, vie nitidula, fuscescenti-albida ; spira turrito-conica, apice obtusiuscula ; sutura simplex ; anfr. 5 vix conveaiusculi, mediani fusco-variegati, ultimus spira paulo brevior, fascia fusca
23
circumdatus et basi rotundata fusco-areolatus ; columella viz pli- cata ; apertura parum obliqua, semiovalis ; perist. simplex, acu- tum, margine columellari superne dilatato, refiexo.
Long. 10, diam. 5 mill. ; ap. 44 mill. longa, 22 lata.
Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick).
10. CyninpRELLA ExiMIA, Pfr. TJ. vir rimata, cylindraceo- turrita, solidula, confertissime subgranulato-striata, opaca, pallide violaceo-fulvida ; spira sensim attenuata, late truncata ; anfr. superst. 8 viv convexiusculi, supra suluram interstitiis nudis sub- crenati, ultimus vix solutus, basi acute carinatus ; apertura sub- circularis, basi angulata ; perist. tenue, undique expansiusculum,
Long. 27, diam. medio 7} mill. ; ap. diam. 5 mill.
Hab. ——?
11. Butrmus Maria, Albers. T. anguste umbilicata, oblongo- conica, solida, sublevigata, alba, punctis et strigis obsoletis corneis plerumque notata; spira conica, acuta; anfr. 61 conveviusculi, ultimus spiram subequans, basi vix attenuatus ; columella plica parvula, dentiformi munita; apertura vix obliqua, acuminato- oblonga, intus fusca; perist. rectum, margine dexctro leviter ar- cuato, columellari sursum dilatato, patente.
Long. 33, diam. 14-15 mill. ; ap. 16-17 mill. longa, 7} lata.
{. Anfractibus superis corneis, lacteo punctato-strigatis, ultimo strigis lacteis denticulatis et violaceo-corneis alternantibus picto.
Hab. Texas.
4. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYRENA FROM CEYLON, AND OF NEW SrpHonari2. By Syivanus Han ey, F.L.S., ere.
Cyrena TENNENTI. Testa ovato-subtrigona, solida, ventricosa, inequilaterali, sublevigata, epidermide tenui impolita fusco- lutescente vestita: umbonibus tumidis, decorticatis, valde pro- minentibus, vie obliquis; latere antico anguste rotundato ; latere postico longiore subattenuato, ad extremitatem obtuse rotundato ; margine ventrali arcuato ; margine dorsali antice declivi, convexo, postice subdeclivi, convexiusculo ; lunula nulla; superficie interna albido-violascente ; dentibus lateralibus bre- vibus, validis, obtusis ; antico approximato, postico remoto: sinu palliari brevissimo, acutissimo.
Long. 13 lin., lat. 18 lin.
Hab, In fluvio Ariho Taprobanensi.
This remarkable-looking species, which reminds one slightly of Gnathodon cuneatus, forms part of the interesting collection of Sir Emerson Tennent, who took it from the pools of the Ariho River (which flows into the Gulf of Mancar), below the great stone dam, by which it was intended to divert the water, in order to supply the Giant’s Tank.
24
I observe no species in Deshayes’s most useful, though crude, monograph, which at all resembles it in aspect. Its dentition fixes it in Cyrena proper: the hinge-margin is strong, and the cardinal teeth of the right valve peculiarly large. The inner disk, beneath the umbones, has a redder tint; there is neither a lunule, nor any indication of an umbonal ridge.
SIPHONARIA BRUNNEA. S. testa solida, obovali, pyramidato- subdepressa, vel omnino brunnea, vel (in junioribus) costarum brunnearum interstitiis subalbidis ; costis permultis parvis (haud autem filiformibus) saturatioribus subrotundatis radiata; vertice alhido, subcentrali, subacuto, aliquantulum adunco ; lateribus equalibus; angulo siphonali satis conspicuo ; super- ficie interna albida, vie ad marginem crenatum brunneo colore articulata.
Long. 102 lin., lat. 9 lin.
Hab. In insula Bermuda. Mus. Cuming.
The ouly four examples known to me are somewhat (though slightly) rubbed, so that it is difficult to say whether the moderately raised ribs are smooth or nodosely crenated. From the prevalence of interstitial costellee, especially posteriorly, the number of decided ribs (none of which are peculiarly conspicuous) seems variable with age: the range is apparently from thirty to forty.
S. carso. S. testa solida, subsymmetrica, rotunduto-ovali, pyra- midato-subdepressa, extus intusque ubique picea; costis per- multis, haud autem confertis, subnodosis, et satis elevatis ra- diata: vertice centrali, recto, simplici: laterihus equalibus : margine crenato: impressione siphonali intus (vix etiam extus) conspicua.
Long. 11 lin., lat. 94 lin.
Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.
The only individual known to me might pass externally for S. brunnea, and internally for a dwarf characteristica. From the former it is readily distinguished by the uniform and intense dark- ness of its somewhat bronzed interior, from the latter by its very numerous and close-set ribs, which are apparently equal in breadth, and more or less blunt.
S. parMA. S. testa obovata, pyramidato-depressa, solida, sub- symmetrica, albida, costis permultis confertis subequalibus rotundatis muticis (vix autem levigatis) radiata ; interstitiis linearibus castaneis: lateribus cequalibus: vertice centrali, sumplici, subacuto : costa siphonifera duplici satis conspicua : pagina interna superne ferruginea, ad marginem crenatum albida.
Long. 8} lin., lat. 8 lin.
Hab. In Africa Occidentali. Mus. Cuming.
The only individual I have seen is disposed to be much dilated
posteriorly, and is livid around the prominent umbo: these charac-
| } .
25
ters may prove to be accidental, and not specific. Its ribs, which are very slightly worn, have here and there a subnodulous aspect : upon the whole it approaches the typical sipho (which I regard as perfectly distinct from exigua), but is more conic, with the ribs much more elevated, and with very distinct interstitial colouring.
S.exutum. S. testa parva, solida, ovali-rotundata, pyrami- dato-subdepressa, subsymmetrica, nigro-cerulescente, costis multis cinereis parvis obtusis plerumque alternatis haud confer- tim radiata: vertice centrali, levi, nigro-fuscescente, simplici, obtusiusculo : latere siphonifero aliquantulum majore : margine subintegro: pagina interna picea, ad apicem pallidiore, vel subalbida, ad marginem albido brevissime radiata.
Long. 7 lin., lat. 6 lin.
Hab. Norfolk Island, Mus. Hanley.
Very distinct from any species known to me. In the example described there are about forty unarmed ribs, of which a dozen upon the hinder two-thirds of the shell are peculiarly prominent, and spring immediately from the erect vertex. There are indications of an epidermis, and of faint and crowded concentric striolz.
S. REDIMICULUM, var. S. testa parva, tenui, ovato-oblonga, arcuato-subconica, fusco albidoque zonata ; costis elevatis, mu- ticis, subequalibus, rotundatis, subdistanter radiata ; lateribus valde inequalibus : vertice valde excentrico, postico, in juniori- bus adunco: costa siphonifera inconspicua: pagina tota interna Susco-purpurascente.
Long. 6} lin., lat. 43 lin.
Hab. ? Mus. Hanley.
The comparative smoothness and almost uniform external colour-
ing of the previously described form of this remarkable-looking shell have rendered it desirable to redescribe the species. No interstitial
Sculpture is present ; the ribs scarcely exceed twenty in number.
5. A MonoGrapu or THE Genus NYCTOPHILUS. By Roserrt F. Tomes.
The characters of the present genus were first briefly given by Dr. Leach in a communication to the Linnean Society in March 1820, which was not, however, published until 1822.
The paper is intituled, ““The characters of seven genera of Bats with foliaceous appendages to the nose;”’ the seven genera being Artibeus, Monophyllus, Mormoops, Nyctophilus, Megaderma, Vam- pyrus, and Madateus.
From the manner in which Nyctophilus is here associated with the other genera, it seems not unfair to assume that Dr. Leach re- garded it as more or less closely affined to them; and they, with the exception perhaps of Mormoops, all appertain to the Phyllostomide.
M. Temminck, in his monograph of the genus, gives it as his opinion that it may properly be placed between Rhinolophus and
26
Nycteris; and Dr. Gray, although arranging it amongst the Vesper- tilionide, or Simple-nosed Bats, nevertheless places it immediately after Nycteris, which he considers as belonging to the Vespertilio- nide also. But Nycteris is thought by some zoologists to have some affinity with the Rhinolophide, and my own repeated exami- nations have convinced me that it is simply a modification of Rhino- lophus.
From this it would seem that the genus Nyctophilus has always been considered by those who have studied the subject as either be- longing to the Istiophori or Leaf-nosed Bats proper, or as having some affinity with them.
It will be the purpose of the present paper to show that the genus Nyctophilus is not more remote from the genus Vespertilio, than are the genera Barbastellus and Plecotus, and further to show that it is as intimately allied to the last of these as to any other genus.
In the course of a very careful study which I have made of the crania of a number of examples, I have detected one or two errors in the account given of the dentition, both by Dr. Leach and M. Tem- minck. These will be pointed out in their proper place.
Fam. VESPERTILIONID. Genus NycroruHiuus.
The top of the head is but slightly elevated, not more so than in Plecotus auritus, and the muzzle is relatively of about the same length and substance as in that species. The forehead, between the eyes, is a little depressed, producing a slight hollow somewhat as in the genus Taphozous, but in a much less degree. The nose-leafs are simple ; the first is placed immediately above the nostrils ; it is transverse, and there is a kind of thickened line or ridge passing from the lower margin of the nostrils on each side, and uniting with its outer boundaries. The upper margin of this leaf is straight and even. The second nose-leaf is placed at a greater distance from the first, than the first is frorh the nostrils. It also is transverse, but is higher in the middle than at the sides, is much thicker in substance, and is thickly clothed with short bristly hairs. The nostrils are small and not prominent, nearly round when seen in front, but with a backward narrow extension nearly reaching to the outer margin of the first nose-leaf, when examined laterally. The ears are large,— about one-fourth longer than the head,—regularly ovoid, and one- fourth longer than wide. They are united at their bases by a piece of transverse membrane across the top of the head, as in Plecotus. This membrane is not attached to the inner edge of the ears, but to their hinder surface, so as to leave the margins free. It extends for nearly one-third of the length of the ear. The tragus is short and broad, but rather thin and membranous. Quite at its root it is nar- row; but it suddenly attains its full breadth, and taking at once a vertical direction, tapers somewhat unevenly to a narrow but rounded point. The outer margin, near to the base, is the most prominent
27
part ; it is rounded, and in some individuals with one or two pro- Jecting points. Above this prominence, about the middle of the outer margin, it is slightly hollowed or scooped out, and the inner margin has a corresponding prominent outline immediately opposite to this hollow. The tip is much narrower than any other part of the tragus, but it is nevertheless quite rounded. Although the general form of the tragus is pretty similar in all the examples I have seen, yet it appears liable to greater variations than is usual in most species of Vespertilionide. For instance, in some examples the margins, although possessing a somewhat undulating outline, are nevertheless smooth ; whilst in others the whole of the outer one is finely crenulated ; again, the tip is sometimes curved a little inwards, but in others it is quite straight.
The organs of flight so exactly resemble those of the genus Ves- pertilio, that it is needless to make further remarks on them, except- ing to mention that the wing-membranes spring from the base of the toes.
All the hinder extremities may be similarly dismissed.
The cranium in its general appearance resembles that of several species of Vespertilionide, and so nearly, that it would be easy at first sight to confound them. The Serotine Bat of Europe, the Scotophilus Carolinensis and Vespertilio velatus of America, but more especially a species inhabiting the same country as the Nyctophilus, viz. Vesp. Tasmaniensis, may be cited as species, the crania of which are most like that of Nyctophilus.
The cerebral portion is but little elevated above the facial portion, and it rounds off but very little from the vertex to the occiput, above the foramen of which is a moderately developed occipital crest, vary- ing considerably in different species. There is the same deep notch in the anterior part of the skull which is observable in Vespertilio and Scotophilus, caused by the imperfect development of the inter- maxillary bones. Immediately above this notch is a rather broad but shallow depression, occupying the position of the nasal bones. It is as deep from side to side as from before to behind; but there is one point where it runs a little deeper than elsewhere, just at the hinder ends of the nasal bones. Precisely the same kind of depres- sion occurs in the cranium of the Barbastelle Bat. But in Nycto- philus the depression is rendered more conspicuous by the somewhat more,elevated position of the malar processes.
The zygomatic arches are not very much arched outwards, less so than in many species of Vespertilio, such as V. Nattereri, but quite as much so as in Plecotus. The orbits extend rather markedly for- ward, in one species almost to the root of the canine tooth, whilst the palatal portion of the maxillary bones reaches as far back as usual, so as to give a somewhat greater extent of floor to the orbit than usual. The bony palate extends backwards almost to the con- dyloid fossa; but its hinder margin is so inuch scooped out that its middle does not much exceed the middle of the zygomatic arch, in a backward direction. In this respect it resembles the same part in Plecotus ; in Barbastellus, Vespertilio, and Scotophilus it is doubly emarginate.
28
The teeth of the upper jaw, when seen from below, present two straight lines, somewhat diverging towards their hinder ends, just as in Vesp. velutus, Scot. serotinus, Scot. Carolinensis, and Barba- stellus. The two incisors are the only teeth which deviate from these lines, being placed more inward than the canines, which terminate them. Seen laterally, the upper teeth have a curved outline, bend- ing slightly upward from the root of the zygoma to the most anterior
art of the intermaxillary bone. The exact form of the lower margin of the maxillary and intermaxillary bones is tolerably well indicated by the range of the teeth, as just stated ; and it may be here re- marked, that this is a point worthy of attention in the classification of the Vespertilionide.
The lower jaw so closely resembles that of the generality of the Vespertilionide, that I consider it only necessary to state that it appears to resemble the same part in Scot. Noctula as closely as in any other species, differing only in having the coronoid process a little more elevated.
Commencing the description of the teeth themselves with the upper incisors, I find them to be two in number, short and conical, and furnished with a distinct cingulum, which passes into a point on the hinder side of the tooth, well defined in some species, but scarcely observable in others. In those in which it does occur, it constitutes a peculiarity quite distinct from the bifid incisors of some species, such as the Barbastelle, where the cingulum is left entire, and the apex of the tooth appears as if cleft.
The canines are somewhat shorter and relatively a little stouter than in Vespertilio and Plecotus, and also shorter but not stouter than in Scotophilus. The next tooth, the only premolar in the upper jaw, and the following three true molars, have the form and proportions so usual in the Vespertilionide, that they require no special notice, excepting to state that the posterior one is a little smaller than is generally observable.
In describing the teeth of the lower jaw, two errors which have been made respecting their number require correction. Dr. Leach states that the lower incisors are six in number, and M. Temminck, de- scribing afterwards from the same specimen, could find but four. After diligently examining a considerable number of skulls, I have satisfied myself that the account given by Dr. Leach is correct, for in no instance can I discover less than six lower incisors ; but m two examples the outer one on each side is wholly hidden by the one next to it, so that unless the skull be carefully cleared of the invest- ing membranes, it would be extremely difficult to see more than four of these teeth ; hence has probably arisen the error.
They are cylindrical at the base, and for a considerable part of their length ; but expand into flattened fan-shaped summits, having three lobes or points. The canines are of the usual form, and are not, as has been stated, furnished with a posterior lobe or spur. What has been mistaken for a part of the canine, is in fact a small and pointed premolar, placed so close behind it as to seem continu- ous with it. On instituting an examination of the canines, and com- paring them with those of other species, I find that the cingulum is
29
not so much developed posteriorly as in many others. In the com- mon Noctule, for instance, although the canine presents only a mere trace of thickening of the base anteriorly, it nevertheless passes into a small but distinct spur or point behind. The small anomalous premolar alluded to is situated in the same line with the teeth, be- tween which it is placed in such a manner as to be equally visible from within or without. Its form is conical. The next tooth is also regularly conical, and furnished with a broad basal collar or cingulum; after this come the three true molars, presenting the form common to all the Vespertilionide.
The dentition of the genus may be given as follows; and as that of all the species is numerically similar, it will render repetition un- necessary.
Dentition.—In. ; C. —3 PE: M. =; M. =~.
1. Nycroruiius Greorrroyt, Leach.
Nyct. Geoffroyi, Leach, Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 73, 1820-22; Less. Man. p. 86, 1827; Fisch. Synop. Mamm. p. 135, 1829; Temm. Mon. ii. p. 47, 1835-41 ; Wagn. Supp. Schreib. i. p. 442, 1840 ; Less. Nouy. Tab. Régn. Anim. p. 33, 1842; Schinz. Synop. Mam. i. p- 217, 1844.
Of the three species treated of in the present monograph, the first, from its size, is unquestionably the one on which Dr. Leach esta- blished the genus.
The original description in the Linnean Transactions is much too vague to discriminate the exact species with certainty ; but M. Tem- minck having become possessed of the original specimen, and given a more detailed description of it, 1am enabled to determine with certainty which of the species here given is the true N. Geoffroyi.
I intend, therefore, first to give a description of this species, and then to point out briefly what I consider sufficient differences to constitute three other species. One of these has indeed been re- peatedly described as a Vespertilio—Vesp. Timoriensis ; but it is strictly a Nyctophilus, as I have ascertained by the examination of the original specimen in the Paris Museum.
The face is moderately hairy, the hairs being pretty regularly scattered, but a little thicker on the upper lips and on the second nose-leaf than elsewhere. Immediately over the eye is a small tuft of bristle-like black hairs, and a similar one near the hinder corner of the eye. At the angle of the mouth a few similar hairs may be observed. The fur of the back extends to a very trifling extent on to the interfemoral membrane, but all the other membranes are perfectly naked, and of a dark brown colour, as are also all the other naked parts, with the exception of the tragus and the contiguous parts of the inside of the ear, which are brownish-yellow.
The fur of the body is rather long, thick, and very soft.
On all the upper parts it is conspicuously bicoloured, black for nearly two-thirds of its length, the remainder being olive-brown, of which the extreme tips are rather the darker portion. On the mem- brane uniting the ears the fur is uniform yellowish-brown.
30
The fur of the throat and flanks is uniform brownish-white, that of the latter being sometimes more strongly tinted with brown. All the remaining under-parts have the fur markedly bicoloured, black at the base, with the terminal third brownish-white, varying consider- ably in purity of colour in different individuals.
In the following table of dimensions, the first column refers to a specimen in Mr. Gould’s collection, very kindly lent by him for my use, and from which the foregoing description has been taken : it is labelled ‘‘ Albany, King George’s Sound, May 19th, 1843.” The dimensions in the two other columns have been taken from specimens in my own collection, and are also from Western Australia, but the exact locality unknown.
The comparative description and measurements of the crania of this and the other species will be given in a collected form appended to the description of the species the last on the list, so as to render their differences more readily apparent :—
i.
ily aha ptt Length of the head and body (about).. 1 =O GC MAN etewrecw's skin) Sada leiws\ ss GEE MAGA 25 Sin) «esas eelindoh 3p) Se ae ee oe eee Ok THe TRACTS. iss bn cee A Breadth of the ears.... .. OL TERE Bog Vaal: Ne ee eer Length of the fore-arm ............ — of the longest finger .. : ——— of the fourth finger.......... —— of the thumb .............. WOE GNC PAI oo icon este eae ton ——— of the foot and claws ... PiGNES OBICAIEIS iain. o s,. aiein «0 Expanse of wings, about............
bt th oo
ble
tol
el Fl tole tole
— . NOWNWOARKAWWAUMS 5
— WDAWNWOARHNUWLOBDNOE
Ico bole
to| bo]
ale
weocoooocornrocoocore SCUWAWNNORHRK ONWONK® wocococornroococo+whwh F wooococornrcoooor}
2. NycroruiLus TIMORIENSIS.
Vesp. Timoriensis, Geoff. Ann. du Mus. viii. p. 200. t. 47, 1806 ; Desm. Mamm. p. 146, 1820; Fisch. Synop. Mamm. p. 118, 1829 ; Temm. Mon. ii. p. 253, 1835-41 ; Wagn. Supp. Schreib. i. p. 520, 1840 ; Schinz. Synop. Mamm. i. p. 175, 1844.
Vesp. Timoriensis’?, Temm. Mus. Leyd.
Plecotus Timoriensis, Less. Mann. p. 97, 1827 ; Is. Geoff. Guérin, Mag. de Zool. 1832; Less. Nouv. Tab. Régn. Animal, p. 23, 1842.
The forms of this species are so similar to those of the last, that it is needless to enter at greater length into details of description than is necessary to point out the differences between the two.
In all the specimens I have been able to examine, viz. the original one in the Paris Museum, and three others collected in Australia by Mr. Gould, the ears are strongly sulcated, even more so than is obser- vable in the Plecotus auritus, whilst in the last species they are very
31
faintly, if at all, so marked ; and instead of the small tufts of bristle- like hairs about the eyes, the present species has a tolerably regular series of similar ones fringing the eyelids. Again, the cranium has so strongly marked a sagittal crest as to be easily detected in the mounted specimens, whereas in NV. Geoffroy: it is so feebly developed that no trace can be discovered, unless the skull be extracted and carefully cleaned.
But the great difference in the size of the two animals is alone sufficient to distinguish them, the one being only 9 inches in expanse of wings, whilst the other attains fully 13 inches; nearly as great a difference as exists between the Pipistrelle and the Noctule Bats.
The fur of the upper parts is bicoloured, nearly black at the base, with the terminal half dark sepia-brown ; that on the top of the head and on the membrane uniting the ears, unicoloured, and paler.
Beneath, the fur has the basal half nearly black, the remainder being light brown, palest on the throat, on the middle of the belly, and on the pubes. On the shoulder of one example from “ Perth, Western Australia,’ is a patch of brownish rust colour, but it does not occur in the other examples.
Although the original specimen of this species is reported to have been received from Timor, I am inclined to believe that there may have been some mistake respecting its locality. Among a great number of Bats from that island contained in our museums and that of Leyden, representatives of this genus do not appear ; but specimens absolutely identical with the original in the Paris collection have been obtained by Mr. Gould in Western Australia; and I have noted one in the Leyden Museum, also from Australia, but without any precise in- dication of locality.
The following dimensions have been taken from specimens col- lected by Mr. Gould, the first being the one from Perth, Western Australia :—
Ls 2. in. lin. in. lin. Length of the head and body, about 3 0 2 4 PEN Ne cibly eactincinthe a le LOE aie RO AE SO eee Ser ae 0 10 0 10 RP RUCN CNS ite xc a’ wine a w Droid win) AAP 0 10 OLGHS CAGUS oss bie ws e's 0 3} O 33 of the fore-arm : 7 ./0.....5.... 1 9 bi 9 of the longest finger.......... 3 4 3 2 of the fourth finger .......... 2 4 2 5 GP the that U épcecive ceeess Got © 4 7 a eee ee 0 9 0 9 of the foot and claws ........ 0 5 0 5 SEE CE IS oi ign s-0:0 nlerniein's 0 7 0 8 Expanse of wings, following the phalanges 13 6 12 9
3. Nycropui.tus GouLpI, n. s.
The present species is intermediate in size between the two last, and at first sight might be taken either for a small individual of N.
32
Timoriensis, or a large one of N. Geoffroyi; or these two might be regarded as the large and small varieties of the same species, and the present one as the intermediate or connecting link. This opinion I was at first disposed to entertain ; but after the examination of a greater number of examples, and more especially after extracting ~ a good number of their crania, I became convinced that they were all specifically distinct.
The shape of the head, face and ears, does not differ materially from that of the same parts in the two preceding species; the only perceptible difference beyond that of size being in the somewhat greater elevation of the top of the head. As in N. Timoriensis, the ears are strongly sulcated, and it bears general resemblance to that species in the quality and colouring of the fur.
The fur of the whole of the upper parts is very distinctly bico- loured : it might almost be called tricoloured ; the basal half greyish- black, and the terminal half grey-brown, with the tips browner. On the rump the brown colour is rather more conspicuous than on the fore part of the back. The basal part of the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane is a little hairy in some specimens, but in others this is not observable.
On the whole of the under-surface the fur is strongly bicoloured, nearly black at the base, with the terminal third buffy grey. On the pubes the dark colour at the base of the fur is reduced to a small quantity, and it is almost wholly of the buffy white colour.
Young examples not having the wing-jomts completely ossified, differ only in being somewhat smaller, and in having the fur less bright ; but it is nevertheless distinctly bicoloured, and when ob- viously immature they are still of greater size than adult examples of N. Geoffroyz.
In the table of dimensions, column No. | refers to a female spe- cimen from Mr. Gould’s collection from Moreton Bay ; No. 2 to a male from the same locality; and No. 3 to a specimen also col- lected by Mr. Gould at Bathurst.
a: in. lin.
=o i=}
ene ee “Gun, Oe tol .
5 faal® =r i=} ~
Length of the head and body, about ... 1 11 Br thee: sores pe ee na
GL the Mes.) oe. wee es 0 “TYE YEN Ny Hate A eAAD nab craig oe ean | — Of the (AGUS 2.5 fess we oa 0 Breadth of ears fe 0 Of the STHBUS 42S cs ee ee Length of the fore-arm ............ l of the longest finger ........ 4 2 0 0 0 0 ]
—
tol
of the fourth finger === Of ne EIA 42 care crores
ofthe stibias ets peice aoe cen ee of the foot and claws ........ of the os ealeis, (5/5... 4 Ess Expanse of wings. 67.620) Pee l
a=
— AARCHKHRONNDANWNOS
tol
bo] bol tol bol
SSocooONNHKYSCSOSOSCOYNE HK=ocoonne
Lhapohowon
— —
.
33
4. NYCTOPHILUS UNICOLOR, n. s.
All the specimens of this genus I have yet seen from Van Die- men’s Land differ remarkably from those of the mainland of Au- stralia in having the fur everywhere short and cottony, perfectly de-
void of lustre, and unicoloured.
That of the upper parts is of a dark olive-brown, without any variation of tint, excepting that it is perhaps a little darker along the middle of the back than elsewhere.
Beneath, the fur is similar, but paler in colour, with the tips of the hairs a little tinged with ash-colour. This is the colour of the whole of the under parts, with the exception of a patch on the throat, which is whitish-brown, dirty white, and occasionally pure white.
Immature examples often have the fur above and beneath of a very dark olive-brown, almost black. One specimen of this dark colour which I have examined, has the spot on the throat almost pure white.
So far as I have been able to ascertain, this species is subject to very trifling variations either in colour or size in the adult state, and the size agrees so closely with that of the species which I have called N. Gouldi, that Lat first thought the great difference in the texture and colour of the fur was due to the difference of locality.
In the crania, however, I find such differences as are ample for the distinction of the species *.
The following dimensions are taken from three specimens collected by Mr. Gould in Van Diemen’s Land ; the first a male, and the second a female, both adult ; and the third obviously immature.
1 2 3.
in. lin. in. lin. in. lin, Length of the head and body (about).. 2 0 2 2 1 10 TU ae eR ergs ae | a ay SPGOCREEE Te cod. us is ate maien 0 8 oO 9 0 84 RAE METER oa si vie ines) Kn KhLg 0 10 0 10 0 9} ERIN BNOIRINS (ied ok a Sins ante clint. OY, G.. 1 Oy 2 Breadth of the ears...... iin ea stan 0 7% #O 8 0 74 == OF THE tFAGTS 6u ese cers oe 0 2 04 Oh Length of the fore-arm ............ Sy Sane ie: 1 6} of the longest finger ........ 2 10 z2 8 2 1 of the fourth finger.......... 2 2 2 8 2 Of See CHYIOD rae’. + asaw nr ier Oy 044 04 RRA si ciae nine em set oo Ohi OM as Ox Ame Od of the foot and claws........ 04 04 0 3% RUG GH CHICIS 6 ois wie vee hos 1 aay 0 64 O 7 BROOME OF WINGS) ovine ences to any oe NO ae AL ee ae
The crania of the four species here described, differ so consider- ably, that I deem it advisable to make mention’ of them apart
* To the description of this species should have been added, that the ears are destitute of sulci, and more membranaceous than in the other species, and that the wing-membranes are darker in colour and much more opaque and leathery.
No. CCCXLIX.—ProcrepinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Soctery.
34
from the foregoing description. By adopting this plan, I am en- abled to bring them into more immediate comparison, which is highly desirable when we bear in mind the small size of the objects, and the consequent difficulty of rendering apparent their differences without the aid of figures. They will be described in the following order, the crania of the two species most removed from each other being found to be most dissimilar.
N. Timoriensis.—General form of the skull rather broad and flat, and rather thick in substance; sagittal and occipital crests mode- rately developed; depression of the nasal bones of nearly equal depth from side to side, broad, with the sides parallel for three- fourths of its length in a backward direction, and then narrowing rapidly to a point at the commencement of the sagittal ridge. Fa- cial portion short ; zygomatic arches considerably expanded. Palate nearly as wide anteriorly as posteriorly. Lower jaw strong, its lower margin considerably curved. All the teeth of moderate size and proportions.
N. Gouldi.—General form of the skull much less broad than in the last species, more elevated in the crown, and narrower anteriorly ; sagittal crest considerably developed, the occipital one very small ; facial depression almost obsolete, narrow, rounded-off on each, and only amounting to a concavity just at the posterior termination of the nasal bones. Facial portion relatively more produced than in the last species ; zygomatic arches but little expanded. Palate much narrower in front than behind. Lower jaw as in the last species. All the front teeth, especially the upper canines, very short and stout.
N. unicolor.—General form of the skull very short, as broad re- latively as in the first species, but not so flat, and much lighter and thinner in substance than in either of the preceding ; sagittal ridge merely rudimentary, occipital one considerably elevated, especially its central portion ; facial depression broad, of medium depth, well- defined, and narrower before and behind than in the middle, and with the outline of the nasal bones rather distinctly marked. Facial portion of medium length ; orbits much produced in a forward di- rection, leaving but a small space between them and the roots of the canines ; zygomatic arches a good deal expanded. Palate short, nearly as broad in front as behind. Lower jaw short and light, with a moderate degree of curvature. All the front teeth short and small.
N. Geoffroyi.—General form of the skull differing from that of all the others. It is rather long, narrow, and depressed, with a total absence of ridges or crests, and the occipital region rounds-off poste- riorly without any angularity. It is thin and somewhat diaphanous ; facial depression narrow, deep in the centre, not clearly defined an- teriorly, and passing further back than in the other species, its posterior portion being indicated by two thread-like lines which con- verge to an acute point on the fore part of the central region. Facial portion of medium length, and narrowed anteriorly ; zygomatic arches but very little expanded. Palate much narrower in front than behind. Lower jaw slender, with the lower outline nearly straight. Front teeth proportionally long and rather strong.
es
30
The crania of these species present the following dimensions :—
N. unicolor: in. lines.
|N. Timoriensis.|N. Gouldi.
¥ ' in. lines. in. lines. Length from the condyloid fossa to the anterior margin of the max-
N. Geoffroyi.
in. lines.
Pilar Gate wyiehascded fact st ohanscuns ar 6: - fG. BS) 0. ah} Gaee Length from the hinder margin of |
the parietal bones to the anterior, ) /
margin of the maxillary bone ... oT 7 0 63 j=" 6 0 53 Breadth across zygomatic arches.... 0 6 ee bh Os ee Greatest breadth of. the cerebral
PRO piv idbaceene seosbaiduvetsivs scout ceG ae 0 33) 0 4 0 3% Greatest breadth of the facial de-
RIRERMIOML iiss peeve hs} ad nx coamuacd <acnee's |} O 2) Of; 0 2 0 14 Length of the bony palate .........) ......005 Os dledee 5c Oa, a Length of the series of teeth of the
upper jaw, exclusive of the in- |
Cog 8, Tet on eer ge Be eee Oa) Se 0. 8 Oe 52a Ort 25 Space between the points of the |
TPPEF CANINES. -....,..seescesneresans On Pe Oc 2 a 0 13 Space between the posterior molars 0 2% |0 2%! 0 24) 0 2 Greatest length of the lower jaw... 0 64 | 0 5%) 0 5 0 5 Breadth of the lower jaw, taken in
a vertical direction from the co-
FOMOIG PFOCeSS .......0...e-.seerees LO, Oh) O)123) 0 2 | Oo Length of the series of teeth in the
lower jaw, exclusive of the in-
MIRUER aie ccacedrevaunstesveccvvarssees Oe Sas On ogy Das 0 3 Space between the points of the
TAWEX COMINCS i502. c00dsscoussenecnes by Eb 0) oi 8? Ag 4 OB
I am especially indebted to Mr. Gould for having placed at my disposal materials which have been of great service in making out the species treated of in the present memoir. The use of specimens collected by him, with the knowledge of their exact localities, has been a great assistance in more respects than one. Besides afford- ing evidences leading to the determination of several species, in a genus formerly supposed to be represented by only one, it has also afforded materials which have tended in some measure to the deci- sion of what constitutes a species and what is only a variety.
It is a well-known fact, that many mammals and birds inhabiting India are found to vary remarkably in size and colour in different parts. Thus if we take some of the Bats as an instance suitable for the present occasion (and we might equally adduce many other mammals and birds) *, we shall find those inhabiting South India and Ceylon smaller and darker in colour than those occurring more northward ; and on further examining the matter, we shall further discover that they are referable to the same species, and that interme- diate examples may be found at intermediate localities. Not only in external conformation are they similar in their proportions, but also in the details of their osseous system. The skulls of these va-
* Among the Bats may be particularly noticed Cynopteris marginatus, Seoto- philus Coromandelicus, and Vespertilio papillosus. See Dr. Kelaart’s ‘ Fauna Zeylanica,’ and the appended notes by Mr. Blyth, as also various notices of Mam- malia by the latter gentleman in the Journal of the Asiatic Society.
36 7
rieties, in which we should expect to find the most constant, and therefore most valuable differences, should any exist, present no variety amongst themselves, excepting that of size ; and in this latter respect they bear an exact relation to the varieties to which they belong.
With a series of specimens before me illustrating this, I have ex- ercised the same geographical and anatomical tests to the so-called varieties of the present genus. The results of this attempt were by no means similar to those observed of the Indian species ; for instead of meeting with anything like the gradation which occurs there, I have found that the largest and the smallest examples were alike in- habitants of Western Australia; whilst a third, which in poimt of size would have served to unite the two, was separated from them by awide interval, occurring on the coast of New South Wales. This led to a re-examination of the specimens, and more especially to a comparison of their crania. They were found to be very dissimilar.
Here, then, are two instances, one in which the variation is clearly traceable to an external cause, and accompanied by a uniformity of internal structure, thereby corroborating the unity of the species ; and another, in which the variation is not due to any apparent cause, and not only unsupported by anatomical similarity, but the unity of the species absolutely disproved by the existence of very diverse osteological characters.
Without dwelling longer on this subject, I may observe, that these remarks have arisen, in the first place, from the consideration of some exceedingly judicious observations on the variation of species, delivered at the Meeting of the British Association at Cheltenham in 1856, by the Rev. Leonard Jenyns. I must refer the reader to the communication printed entire in the Report of the Proceedings of the Association for that year, and content myself with observing that that gentleman urged the necessity of duly considering the influ- ence of climatal and other causes in producing varieties of species ; and also pointed out, that, in the absence of any such causes, any considerable amount of difference from a known species might be regarded as strong distinctive evidence.
Since the preceding account was written, I have obtained another specimen of Nyctophilus Timoriensis, collected in some part of Au- stralia, but I do not know the exact locality.
As it is preserved in spirit, and in good condition, I am enabled to give a better account of the form of the face and nose-leafs than that already given, and thus add at the same time to the specific and generic characters.
The first nose-leaf is slightly emarginate and rises from imme- diately above the nostrils, in such a manner as to give the end of the nose somewhat the appearance of a disc, in which the nostrils are pierced. Between them and the nose-leaf, however, is a deepish transverse depression, with two pits, one over each nostril, which in some measure destroys the regular disc-like appearance of the end of the snout. ‘Ihe nostrils themselves are pear-shaped, with the
=
37
narrow ends curving outwards and upwards until they come in im- mediate contact with the base of the nose-leaf, on each side. Late- rally, and below, they are encompassed by the thickened prominent part of the lip, so that they are seen to occupy the bottom of a shallow depression, and open perfectly in front. Between them is a narrow thread-like ridge. Between the first and second nose-leaf is a small but deep hollow or pit, and the second nose-leaf rises behind this in the form of a thick fleshy or cartilaginous projection, not de- serving the name of “ leaf,” transverse in direction, but much nar- rower and less prominent than the true nose-leaf, and thickly co- vered with short hairs. Above this appears the facial depression before described. The lower lip is without hairs in front, but the naked part is not clearly defined, as it is in many Vespertilionide.
The ears are conspicuously sulcated, and their outer margins ex- tend along the side of the face in a line with the cleft of the mouth, and end at a little more than a line from its angle. The tragus pre- sents some points of difference from that of dried specimens. Near the base of the outer edge are two distinct points, and above them some fine crenulations, which are succeeded by a portion of the mar- gin, which is singularly indented. It appears as if this portion were thickened, and a little produced backward and forward ; so that when viewing the front surface of the tragus, this part is seen edgeways ; and when the edge of the tragus is seen, this part presents a flat surface*. Above this space the edge again becomes thin, and is finely crenulated to the tip.
The carpus of the closed wing reaches to the front corner of the eye. The wing-membranes extend precisely to the base of the toes, and the os caleis occupies about one-third of the space between the foot and tip of the tail. The latter is composed of eight or nine vertebrae, the small terminal one being disengaged from the mem- brane. All the claws—of wings and feet—are singularly short and weak.
in. lin.
Length of the head and body .... 2 11 —— of the tail.............. 2 0 ——— ofthe head ............ 0 11 Ge UIE CHEN so. wae rete OLE ——— of the tragus............ 0 3 of the fore-arm.......... Py ——— of the longest finger.... 3 4 ——— of the fourth finger .. 2 6 — of the thumb............ 0 4
— of the foot and claws 0 5 Expanse of wings .............. 13 0
* If a thin sheet of any material of a pasty consistence were taken, and pres- sure applied to a small portion of its edge, so as to thicken it, and raise a kind of rim or bur, visible on each side of the sheet, it would represent pretty exactly this peculiarity of the tragus in Nyctophilus. I may add, that having my attention directed to it, I have been able to detect the same peculiarity in the dried speci- mens, but much less distinctly visible.
38
6. AN ATTEMPT TO DISTRIBUTE THE SPECIES OF OLIVE (OLIva, LaMARCK) INTO NATURAL GROUPS, AND TO DEFINE SOME OF THe Species. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z. & Enr. Soc., ETC.
Linneeus divided the shell, usually called Olives by the dealers, into three species, viz. Voluta porphyria, V. oliva, and V. ispidula.
Gmelin added a few, and Lamarck, who published a monograph of the genus in the ‘Annales du Museum,’ extended the number to sixty-two. Dillwyn reduced them back to eighteen.
Duclos, who published the plates of a monograph of this genus in 1835, figures eighty-four recent species, and he considers twenty-two of the species which Lamarck described as distinct, as only varie- ties of other species.
In 1850 Mr. L. Reeve, in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’ published the figures of 100 species, but without any attention to their affinity to each other, and with scarcely sufficient care to the more important part of the shell on which the separation of the species depends. ‘They are there inferior to those of M. Duclos.
I believe that it is the uncertainty with regard to the number of the species which has rendered these shells, which are certainly one of the most beautiful in form, colour, and marking that we possess, so little attended to by the general collector. This is the more re- markable, as the shells are very extensively distributed over the globe, and are easily collected, and therefore are easily procured by the conchologist at a moderate rate; though it is very difficult to define the limits of many of the species on account of the great varia- tion in the colour, and the extraordinary manner in which the mark- ing gradually changes in their character; while other species are easily distinguished.
All the species are easily separated into very distinct groups, de- fined by variations in the form and structure of the shell, which are evidently produced by important modifications in the structure of the animal ; and to point out these groups is the object of this paper, for I believe that by dividing the species or varieties, which have been considered as species, into such groups, I shall do much to dis- entangle the subject, and at least confine the confusion to definite limits ; for if the groups are properly defined, it is only the specimens belonging to one of these groups that can be varieties of each other.
M. Duclos, in the monograph, divides the species into four groups:—1. Anceilloides (twenty-nine species) ; 2. Cylindroides (fifty species) ; 3. Glandiformes (seventeen species); 4. Volutelles (seven- teen species).
M. D’Orbigny, in his ‘ Voyage to South America,’ formed M. Duclos’s four sections into three genera, giving to the first section the name of Olivina, to the second and third section that of Oliva, and to the fourth Olivancillaria, apparently founded on the form of the animal ; but it is only necessary to compare his figures of the animal of the two species of the latter genus to show how little he attended to his own characters.
39
In the ‘ Zoology to Capt. Beechey’s Voyage’ I divided the genus into two, according to the structure of the animal, viz. Oliva and Agaronia, and observed that some Olive were furnished with an operculum not present in other species. More lately in the text to Mrs. Gray’s ‘ Figures of Molluscous Animals,’ and in the ‘Guide to the Collection of Mollusca’ in the Museum, I have extended the number of genera to four; separating the operculated Olive under the name of Olivella, and giving to an animal figured by D’Orbigny as Oliva auricularia the name of Scaphura.
These shells sometimes have an elevated shelly cross band. La- marck had a specimen of Oliva porphyria (Hist. viii. 418) so marked. It is not uncommon in O. guttata, where it has been regarded as a species ; but it is often found in other species.
A further study of the figures of the animals given by authors has induced me to revise this arrangement and propose the following
Synopsis OF THE GENERA.
I. Head exposed ; tentacles elongate, subulate ; eyes distinct, sub- basal. The foot elongate, dilated, front lobe semicircular ; opercula none. Shell with the front belt narrow.
* Spire simple, with sutural groove open to the top. 1. STREPHONA. Pillar lip simple, not covering the front belt; inner lip cross- grooved. 2. IsprpULA.
Pillar lip simple, not covering the front belt ; inner lip thickened, the whole length with two or three slight grooves in front.
3. RAMOLA.
Pillar lip simple, not covering the front belt ; inner lip with a series of transverse parallel grooves in front extending over the pillar.
4. CARMIONE.
Pillar lip expanded so far back as to cover the front belt, and with an oblique raised ridge in front ; inner lip grooved.
** Spire callous, obliterating the sutural grooves, except on the last whorl.
5. CLANEOPHILA.
Shell ovate or obconic; aperture wide. Pillar lip expanded. Pillar twisted and grooved in front. Front belt broad.
6. GALEOLA.
Shell subcylindrical; spire small; aperture linear. Pillar lip simple, defined ; inner lip grooved. Front belt narrow.
40
II. Head scarcely exposed ; tentacle short ; eyes none; foot elon- gate, dilated in front (one-coloured). Shell, sutural groove
open.
7. ANAZOLA.
Shell subcylindrical or subovate ; aperture oblong, thickened ; front belt broad, double.
8. AGARONIA. Shell subovate; aperture ovate ; pillar slightly thickened ; front belt single, moderate.
Ill. Head hidden; tentacles none; eyes none; foot short, very broad, rounded on the sides, one-coloured ; opercula distinct.
9. OLIVINA.
Spire conical ; sutural groove open to the apex ; aperture of shell moderate ; operculum distinct ; foot very short, front lobes linear.
10. ScarPHuLa.
Spire conical ; sutural groove open to the apex; aperture of shell wide ; pillar lip thick, smooth, with two grooves in front ; opercu- lum none? ; foot large, front lobes very large, rounded.
11. Mrcana. Spire callous ; sutural groove only open on the last whorls ; aper- ture moderate ; operculum distinct.
1. STREPHONA.
Shell subcylindrical ; spire conical or flattish, small; aperture linear ; pillar lip simple, only expanded in front, and not covering the callus ; front belt narrow; inner lip cross-grooved. Foot elon- gate, longer than the shell, broad, rounded behind, dilated on the sides, which are bent up and cover the shell, the front lobes nearly semicircular, rather produced and acute at the hinder outer angles. Head exposed; tentacles elongate; eyes one-third from the base ; operculum none.
Adanson, in his ‘ Hist. Nat. du Sénégal,’ regards all the speci- mens of this genus as belonging to one species, observing :—‘‘ La couleur de cette coquille est peu constante. J’en ai de blanches, de jaunes, de jaunes livids, de jaunes verd, &c., méme de verdatres sans aucun mélange. J’en ai aussi qui, sur ces différens fonds, sont taches, tigrées, marbrées ou couvertes de zigzags, qui s’étendent tantot sur leur longueur, tantét sur leur largeur. Ces taches, ces points, ces bandes, et ces lignes sont cendres, noir ou bleudtre dans les unes, brun, rougedtres ou pourpres dans les autres: enfin leur mélange est si varié, que ce seroit perdre son tems que de faire l’énumération de toutes celles qui ont été décrites ou figurées par leurs auteurs. Je
41
me suis contente de citer une vingtaine des principales variét¢és aux- quelles on peut rapporter tous les autres, dont plus de deux cens sont parvenues 4 ma connoissance. Leur intérieur est aussi blanc, jaune, violet, ou pourpre foneé.’’—p. 65.
It would appear either that the animals vary as much in colour as the shells, or, if permanent, they present good character for the sepa- ration of the species, according to the specimens of the animal figured by Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard in the ‘ Voyage of the Astro- labe,’ t. 46, which are copied and improved (?) by M, Duclos. The animal of the black variety of O. maura is black, minutely brown- dotted, and with a regular pale edge to the foot. 8. erythrostoma and S. Textilina is pale brown, with large brown spots. SS. elegans and 8. sanguinolenta are yellow, minutely black-dotted ; it is interest- ing to observe that the shells, which are allied in colour and form, also have animals similarly allied.
1. StREPHONA PorPuyRIA.
Reddish-brown, spotted with angular reddish lines; spire and front of pillar violet, spire conical.
Voluta Porphyria, Linn. 8. N. ii. 87.
Oliva Porphyria, Lamk. no.1; E. M. t. 351. f.4; Duclos, Oliv. oreaed. bo: Reeve, C. I. t. 1. f. 2.
Hab. Panama.
2. Sr. ANGULATA.
Throat and pillar reddish.
Voluta incrassata, Soland. MSS. ; Dillw. R. 8. 516.
Oliva angulata, Lamk. no. 6; E. M. t. 363. f. 16; Duclos, Oliv. Gaz. t. 9,10; Reeve, C. I. t/ 1. f. 1.
Oliva azemula, Duclos, fide Reeve.
Hab. Gulf of Nicolya.
3. ST. CRUENTA. Throat orange.
Oliva guttata, Lamk. n. 14; Dillw. 32.
Oliva maculata, Duclos, Oliv. t. 15. f. 1-6; Reeve, C. I. t. 14. f. 30:
Voluta cruenta, Solander, MSS.; Dillw. R. S. 514.
Voluta ispidula, Martini, ii. f. 491, 492.
Oliva Mantichora, Duclos, Oliv. t. 15. f. 7,8.
Var. subangular, with a raised rib behind.
Voluta annulata, Gmelin, 8. N. 3441; Dillw. R. 8. 515. Voluta balleata, Soland. MSS.
Oliva leucophea, Lamk. n. 14; E. M. t. 363. f. 2.
Haé. Isle of France.
42
4, Sv. MAURA. Black, yellow or grey ; throat and pillar lip white.
Oliva maura, Lamk. n. 7; E. M. t. 366. f. 1, 2; 365, f. 1, 3; Duclos, Oliv. t. 23. f. 1-12; Reeve, t. 7. f. 10.
Oliva sepulturalis, Lamk. n. 7; E. M. t. 365. f. 1.
Voluta Oliva, F, H, L, K, O, P, Q, 8; Dillw. R. 8S. 512.
Cylindrus Nigellus, Menschen.
Oliva fulminans, Lamk. n. 9; E. M. t. 364. f. 4.
Oliva funebralis, Lamk. n. 26 ; Martini, f. 480, 481.
Animal dark brown, minutely black-dotted, with a pale edge to the foot. See Voy. Astrol. t. 46. f. 20; Duclos, t. 30.
5. ST. TRICOLOR.
White, black, and yellow; front (and sometimes all the inner lip) yellow brown.
Oliva tricolor, Lamk. no. 22; E.M. t. 365. f. 4; Duclos, Oliv. t. 20. f. 9-13; Reeve, C. I. t. 12. f. 22.
O. sanguinolenta, Lamk. no. 23; Duclos, Oliv. t. 20. f. 14-16; Reeve; Ci 1. tia, f 25:
Voluta Olive, C. & F. Dillw. R. 8. 512.
Oliva zebra, Kuster, C. C. t. 5. f. 5, 6.
Oliva Philantha, Duclos, Oliv. t. 20. f. 5, 6.
Oliva evania, Duclos, Oliv. t. 20. f. 3. 4.
Oliva elegans, Lamk. no. 11; E. M. t. 367. f. 3, t. 362. f. 3; Du- clos, Oliv. t. 21. f. 1-6; Reeve, C.I. t. 12. f. 20.
Oliva glandiformis, Lamk. no. 27.
Oliva tigrina, Lamk. no. 44 ; Duclos, Oliv. t. 21. f. 7-12, t. 32. fells 2 scReeve, C:b. t.22 1221.
Oliva Macleaya, Duchos, Oliv. t. 21. f. 13-16.
Hab. Fegee Islands, Madagascar.
Animal yellow, minutely black.dotted (Voy. Astrol. t. 46. f. 2-6 ; Duclos, t. 31).
6. ST. EPISCOPALIS. Throat purple.
Oliva episcopalis, Lamk. no. 12 ; Lest. t. 719. f.3; Duclos, t. 10. f41,.42; Reeve, C.-1.-t.43,. £24: Foluta oliva, D. Dillw. R. 8. 512.
7. ST. ERYTHROSTOMA.
Throat saffron colour.
Oliva erythrostoma, Lamk. no. 3; E.M. t. 361. f. 3; Duclos, Oliv. t. 13. f. 1-7; Reeve, C. 1. t. 5. f. 7.
Cylindrus erythrostoma, Menschen.
Voluta erythrostoma, Dillw. R.S8. 511.
Oliva ponderosa, Duclos, Oliv. t. 13. f. 8, 9; Reeve, C. 1. t. 2. f. 4.
s : |
43
Oliva tremulina, Lamk. no. 5; Duclos, Oliv. t. 11. f. 1-9; Reeve, or b.t. 4.1. 63
Oliva Olympiadina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 12. f.10, 11,12; Reeve, C. 1. os f 0.
Oliva azemula, Duclos, Oliv. t. 14. f. 1, 2,3.
Hab. Mauritius and Philippines.
Animal reddish, with large brown spots (Voy. Astrol. t. 46. f. | ; Duclos, t. 31).
8. St. TEXTILINA. Mouth white.
Oliva obtusaria, Lamk. no. 53.
Oliva textilina, Lamk. no. 2; E. M. t. 362. f. 5; Duclos, Oliy. t. 14. f. 2-9; Reeve, t. 6. f. 9.
Oliva Pica, Lamk. no. 4.
Oliva zeilanica, Lamk. no. 54.
Oliva hepatica, Lamk. no. 35.
V. oliva, var. A., Dillw. R. 8S. 511.
Voluta erythrostoma, var., Dillw. R. 8.511.
Oliva granitella, Lamk. no. 18.
Oliva nobilis, Reeve, C. 1. t. 2. f. 3, mouth pale reddish.
Oliva irisans, part, Reeve, C. 1. t. 6. f. 8, b,c, d. (not e).
Hab. Mauritius.
Animal reddish, with large brown spots (Voy. Astrol. t. 46, f. 7).
9. Sr. scrIpra.
Oliva scripta, Lamk. n. 21; E. M. t. 362. f. 4; Duclos, Oliv. t.10. f. 13, 14; t. 30. f. 5, 6, animal; Reeve, C. I. t. 14. f. 27.
‘Oliva mustelina, Lamk. n. 24; Duclos, Oliv. t. 20. f. 1, 2; Reeve, C. I. t. 13. f. 23.
10. Sr. yirreraTa.
Oliva litterata, Lamk. n. 20; E. M. t. 362. f. J ; Duelos, Oliv. 10. 1. 15, 16; Reeve, C. I. t. 11. f. 18.
Hab. West Indies.
Animal grey.
11. Sr. PervuviaAna.
Oliva senegalensis, Lamk. n. 29; E. M. t. 364. f. 3.
Oliva Peruviana, Lamk. n. 28; E. M. t. 367. f. 4; Duclos, Oliv. t. 15. f. 9-16; Reeve, C. I. t. 9. f. 14.
Var. Back of whorl more or less angular.
Hab. Peru; Central America.
12. Sr. RETICULARIS. Mouth white; suture with groups of radiating lines.
Oliva fusiformis, Lamk. no. 20; E. M. t. 367. f. 1; Duclos, Oliy. t. 16. f. 12-16; Reeve, C. I. t. 8. f. 11.
44
O. vermiculata, Lamk.
O. araneosa, Lamk. no. 19; E.M. t. 363. f. 1.
O. reticularis, Lamk. no. 16; E. M. t. 361. f. 1; Duclos, Oliv. t. §. f. 3-12: Reeve, CG 10.4016:
O. hepatica, Lamk. no. 35, 36.
O. Timoria, Duclos, Oliv. t. 17. f. 11-13.
O. alba, Lamk. no. 42; E. M. t. 368. f. 4.
O. harpularia, Lamk. no. 34; Chemn. x. f. 1376.77; Reeve, C. J. t. 14. f. 28 (worn).
O. ustulata, Lamk. no. 36.
O. venulata, Lamk. no. 13; E. M. t. 361. f.5; Duclos, t. 16. f, 5, 6.
O. obesina, Duclos, t. 16. f. 9, 10.
O. pindarina, Duclos, t. 16. f. 7, 8.
O. Julieta, Duclos, t. 16. f. 3, 4; Reeve, C. I. t. 9. f. 15.
The following twenty-three species (?) are more or less allied to the last.
13. St. POLPASTA.
Oliva polpasta, Duclos, Oliv. t. 16. f. 1, 2; Reeve, C, I. t. 14. £.29:
14. Sr. SrainForTHII.
Oliva Stainforthii, Reeve, C, I. t. 19. f. 40.
15. St. PINTAMELLA. Oliva Pintamella, Duclos, Oliv. t. 33. f. 7, 8.
16. Sr. ATALINA. Oliva atalina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 9. f. 9, 10.
17. Sr. QUERSOLINA. Oliva Quersolina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 9. f. 7, 8.
18. Sr. NITIDULA. Oliva nitidula, Duclos, Oliv. t. 9. f. 3, 4.
19. Sr. ORIOLA.
Oliva oriola, Lamk. no. 41; E. M. t. 366. f.3; t. 367. f. 2; Duclos, t. 10. f. 1, 2. Voluta oliva, V. Dillwyn, R. S. 513.
20. ST. PAXILLUS. Oliva pawillus, Reeve, C. I. t. 21. f. 56.
21. St. SPLENDIDULA.
Oliva splendidula, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. 32; Duclos, t. 9. f. 1, 2; Reeve, Ci 1.4. 14, £275 Hab. Panama.
—
45
22. Sr. TiGRIDELLA. Oliva Tigridella, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 13-16.
23. Sr. STELLATA. Oliva stellata, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 11, 12.
24. Sv. LENTIGINOSA. Oliva lentiginosa, Reeve, C. I. t. 19. f. 45.
25. Sr. JASPIDEA.
Oliva Jaspidea, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 9, 10. O. Duclosii, Reeve, C. I. t. 19. f. 44. Hab. Philippines.
26. St. KALEONTINA.
Oliva kaleontina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 7, 8; Reeve, C. I. t. 20. f. 49. Hab. Gallapagos.
27. Sr. TRINGA. Oliva Tringa, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 5, 6.
28. St. AUSTRALIS.
Oliva australis, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 3,4; Reeve, C. I. t. 19. f. 42. Hab, Swan River (Cub. Gray).
29. St. ANOMINA. Oliva anomina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 8. f. 1, 2.
30. Sr. CumMINGII.
Oliva Cumingii, Reeve, ©. I. t. 11. f. 19. fTab. California.
31. Sv. FLAMMULATA.
Oliva fammulata, Lamk. no. 17 ; E. M.t. 367. f. 5; Duclos, t. 8. f. 17-20; t. 30. f. 3, 4, animal (not Reeve, C. I. t. 19. f. 41).
Fol. ispidula, var., Borm.
V. oliva, T. Dillw. R. S. 513.
Hab. ?
32. Sr. OLORINELLA.
White. Oliva olorinella, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 15, 16.
33. ST. FLAVEOLA. Oliva flaveola, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 17-20.
46
34. St. LIGNEOLA.
Oliva ligneola, Reeve, C. I. t. 21. f. 57- Hab. 2
35. Sr. SCHUMACHERIANA. Front of pillar lip brown.
Oliva Schumacheriana, Beck. Hab. California.
36. Str. RUFULA.
Spire very short.
Oliva rufula, Duclos, Oliv. t. 19. f. 9, 10; Reeve, C. I. t. 20..- £700;
37. St. NEOSLINA. Oliva Neoslina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 19. f. 11-16.
38. Sr. SIDELIA. Oliva sidelia, Duclos, Oliv. t. 19. f. 1, 2.
39. Str. CAROLINIANA.
Oliva caroliniana, Duclos, Oliv. t. 19. f. 3-8. O. bubiformis, var., Reeve.
40. St. HEMILTONA. Oliva Hemiltona, Duclos, Oliv. t. 19. f. 3, 4.
41. Sv. MULTIPLICATA. Oliva multiplicata, Reeve, C. I. t. 20. f. 52.
42. ST. LUGUBRIS. Oliva lugubris, Lamk. no. 25 ; Duclos, Oliv. t.10. f. 5, 6.
2. IsPIDULA.
Shell cylindrical ; spire conical, sutural groove open to the top ; aperture linear ; pillar lip simple, only dilated in front, not covering the front belt ; inner lip thickened the whole length, with two or three oblique grooves in front.
Foot elongate, longer than the shell, acute behind, not dilated on the sides in front, not or only slightly covering the shell, front lobes moderate, broad, produced and acute at the sides; tentacles elongated, exposed ; eyes one-third from the base; operculum none. == Duclos; t.. 7.1. 2:
a!
47
1. ISPIDULA VARIABILIS.
Throat brown ; inner lip thickened with two or three deep grooves in front.
Oliva ispidula, Lamk. no. 40; E. M. t. 366. f. 6; Reeve, t. 17. f. 34; Duclos, Oliv. t. 7. f. 1-14, animal.
O. candida, Lamk. no. 42; E. M. t. 360. f. 4.
Voluta oliva, R. 8. Dillw. R. S.
3. RAMOLA.
Shell subcylindrical ; spire small, conical, sutural groove open to the tip; aperture narrow; anterior belt narrow, single. Pillar lip expanded in front, not covering the front belt, with numerous equal transverse grooves in front. Operculum none. ‘ Foot large, covering the shell.”-—Adams.
1. RAMOLA VOLUTELLA.
Oliva volutella, Lamk. no. 43; Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 7-14; Reeve, eh t,. 20. £. 54;
Oliva cerulea, Gray in Wood, Supp. t. 6. f. 36.
Olivella volutella, Gray, Guide Moll. B.M. 24 ; Fig. Moll. t. 83 a. . 2.
Oliva Razamola, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 5, 6.
Hab. West Coast of America.
4, CARMIONE.
Shell ovate, subcylindrical ; spire small, sutural groove open to the tip; aperture linear, narrow. Pillar lip expanded, sufficiently far back as to cover the front callous belt, and furnished with a more or less distinct raised cross ridge ; inner lip grooved.
1. CARMIONE VENTRICOSA.
Voluta ventricosa, Soland. MSS. ; Dillw. R. 8. 514.
Oliva inflata, Lamk. no. 32; E. M. t. 364. f. 5; Duclos, Oliv. t. 22. f. 1-16; Reeve, C. I. t. 15. f. 31.
O. fabigina, Lamk. n. 52; E. M. t. 363. io.
O. bicincta, Lamk. no. 33; E. M. t. 364. f. 1.
O. undata, Lamk. no. 31; E. M. t. 364. f. 7.
Oliva bicingulata, Lamk. Ann, E. M. t. 364. f. 1.
O. tigrina, Lamk.
O. bulbiformis, Duclos, t. 27. f. 10-12; Reeve, CLL. Glos: Tes
Hab. Moluccas.
5. CLANEOPHILA.
Shell ventricose or obconic; spire callous, the sutural gere closed on all, except the last whorl; aperture ample. Pillar lip ex- panded, swollen and callous behind, twisted and obliquely grooved
48 A
in front. Foot elongate, about as long as the shell, broad, rather tapering behind, dilated in front, and covering the greater part of the shell, front lobes rather large, crescent-shaped, outer hinder angles acute. Tentacles elongate; eyes one-third from the base. qper- culum none.—Duelos, t. 33. f. 6.
* Shell obconic ; front belt rather narrow. Spire broad, de- pressed.
1. CLANEOPHILA BRASILIANA.
Oliva Brasiliana, Lamk. Ann.; Duclos, Oliv. t. 29. f. 1,3; t. 33. f. 5, 6, animal; Reeve, C. I. t. 8. f. 13.
Voluta pinguis, Soland. MSS.; Dillw. R. 8. 516.
Oliva Brasiliensis, Chemn. x. f. 1367, 68; Lamk. Hist. no. 45.
Hab. Brazils. ** Shell ovate ; front belt broad. Spire small, very callous.
2. CLANEOPHILA AURICULARIA. Shell ovate. Pillar lip slightly expanded, moderate.
Oliva auricularia, Lamk. ; Duclos, t. 29. f. 47.
O. aquatilis, Reeve, C. I. t. 18. fene/ic
Olivancillaria auricularia, D’Orb. Voy. Amér. Mér. 421. t. 59. f. 20, 22, shell cop. ; Duclos, Oliv. t. 32. f. 1, 2.
Oliva patula, Sow. Tank. Cat. 33.
Hab. 8. America.
3. CLANEOPHILA GIBBOSA. Shell ventricose, subangular. Mouth very wide. Pillar with a large tubercular callus in front.
Oliva claneophila, Duclos, Oliv. t. 29. f. 89. O. auricularia, Reeve, C. I. t. 18. f. 39. Hab. West Africa. Not Brazil, as said by Mr. Reeve.
6. GALEOLA.
Shell subcylindrical; spire small, acute, callous, sutural groove of upper whorl is obliterated; aperture linear. Pillar lip defined, expanded in front, not covering the front belt ; inner lip thickened, cross-grooved ; front belt narrow. Operculum ? Animal
Lamarck observed the form of the spire in O. tessellata (Hist. vii. 430, 433).
* Spire conical, acute.
1. GALEOLA IRISANS.
Spire conical, acute. Brown or yellow or greyish, uniform, or with angular marks and two interrupted bands; throat and pillar white.
ar tn a
49
Oliva irisans, Lamk. no. 10; Duclos, Oliv. t. 28. f. 7, 8, 9, 10, Bi, 12. Voluta oliva, B, Dillw. R. 8. 512.
2. GALEOLA CARNEOLA.
Orange ; tip of spire white.
Voluta carneolus, Gmelin.
V.. carneola, Dillw. R. 8. 520.
FP. aurora, Soland. MSS.
Oliva carneola, Lamk. no. 39; E. M.t. 365. f. 5; Duclos, Oliv. t. 26. f. 3-16; Reeve, C. I. t. 22. f. 60.
O. Athenia, Duclos, Oliv. t. 26. f. 17-20.
O. todosina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 25. f. 9, 10.
Oliva Calosoma, Duclos, Oliv. t. 26. f. 1, 2.
Var. 1. Brown, with pale angular spots, or pale brown, with darker angular lines.
Var. 2. Subcentral angular belt.
3. GALEOLA TIGRINA.
Yellow, dark-spotted ; throat and tip of spire purple.
Cylindrus tigrinus, Menschen.
Voluta tigrina, Dillw. R. S. 520; Duclos, Oliv. t. 27. f. 1-4; Reeve, C. I. t. 20. f. 53.
Oliva tessellata, Lamk. no. 38; E. M. t. 368. f. I.
Voluta maculata, Soland. MSS.
V. Ispidula, var., Gmelin.
PV. oliva, var., Born.
Hab. Philippines.
4, GALEOLA DACTYOLA.
Oliva dactyliola, Duclos, Oliv. t. 27. f. 3-9.
O. bulbiformis, Duclos, Oliv. t. 27. f. 10-13; Reeve, C.I. t. 13. 7... 26.
O. leucostoma, Duclos, Oliv. t. 27. f. 14-16.
** Spire depressed. 5. GALEOLA AVELLANA. Spire short, blunt ; throat white.
Oliva avellana, Lamk. no. 37; Duclos, Oliv. t. 28. f. 1, 3. O. Galeola, Duclos, Oliv. t. 28. f. 4-6. O. irisans, Reeve, C. I. t. 6. f. 8 a (only, not 4, ¢, d).
6. GALEOLA LEPIDA. Oliva lepida, Duclos, Oliv. t. 25, f. 15-20. No. CCCL.—PrRoceEepINGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.
50
7. GALEOLA VOLVARIOIDES.
Oliva volvarioides, Duclos, Oliv. t. 25. f. 11-14; Reeve, C. I. t. 22. f. 59,
8. GALEOLA? PYGM@A. Oliva pygmea, Reeve, C. I. t. 26. f. 75.
9, GALEOLA? PICTA.
Oliva picta, Reeve, C. I. t. 26. f. 79. Hab. Philippines.
7. ANAZOLA.
Shell ovate or subcylindrical ; spire conical, sutural groove open to the tip. Aperture oblong, rather wide ; pillar lip expanded ; inner lip thickened, the whole length twisted and grooved in front. Belt broad, with an anterior groove in the usual place of the narrow belt.
Foot (4. subulata) elongate, longer than the shell, acute behind ; the front half dilated, reflected over and covering the front and sides of the shell, front lobes semicircular, hinder angle acute. Ten- tacles short, broad. Eyes none? Operculum none.—Duelos, t. 31. oe ee
1. ANAZOLA GIBBOSA.
Pillar with a single groove in front, and several smaller behind it.
Voluta gibbosa, Born, Mus. 215; Dillw. R. 8. 517.
Voluta utriculus, Gmel. 8. N. 3441.
Oliva utriculus, Lamk. no. 46; E. M. t. 365. f. 6; Duclos, Oliv. Cryst. 18% Reeve, 0. Tote toe:
O. cingulata, Chemn. x. f. 1369, 1370.
O. nebulosa, Lamk. no. 55 ; Martini, f. 539, 540.
O. gibbosa, Reeve, C. I. t. 8. f. 12.
2. ANAZOLA ACUMINATA. Suture pencilled.
Voluta ispidula, Linn. 8. N. 1188; Dillw. R. 8. 517.
Vol. utriculus, var., Gmelin.
Oliva acuminata, Lamk. no. 48; E. M. t. 368. f. 3; Duclos, Oliv. t, M28. 1-4 s Reeve: Co bt. 1b. fads aac:
3. ANAZOLA SUBULATA.
Oliva subulata, Lamk. no. 49; E. M. t. 368. f. 6; Duclos, Oliv. t. 12. f.5-9; Reeve, C..1. t., 1674 38-a,
Voluta ispidula, B, Dillw. R. 8.
Oliva luteola, Lamk. no. 50; Martini, f. 554.
O. triticea, Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f..5, 6; Reeve, C. I. t. 27. f. 82.
4. ANAZOLA LEUCOZONALIS.
Oliva leucozonalis, Gray, Beechey, Voy. 130. t. 36. f. 24; Reeve, De t24 eo 7
Hab. Senegal.
; a
=
51
5. ANAZOLA UNDATELLA.
Oliva undatella, Lamk. no. 58 ; Gray, Beechey, Voy. 131. t. 36. f. 23-27; Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 5-10; Reeve, C. I. t. 25. f. 73.
Voluta tenebrosa, Goodall, Wood, Ind. Supp. t. 4. f. 38,
Oliva zonalis, Menke.
Olivella undatella, Gray.
? Oliva hieroglyphica, Reeve, C. I. t. 24. f. 68.
O. nodulina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 13, 14.
O. ozodina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 19, 20.
6. ANAZOLA PULCHELLA. Oliva pulchella, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 11, 12.
7. ANAZOLA PANICULATA. Oliva paniculata, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 15-18.
8. AGARONIA.
Shell ovate, subcylindrical ; spire acute, sutural groove open to the top; aperture rather wide, ovate; inner lip defined, thin ; pillar obliquely twisted in front, with several oblique grooves; belt moderate, single. Foot (4. hiatula) elongate, longer than the shell, acute behind, wider in front, covering part of the front of the shell ; front lobes semicircular, wider in front, acute at the outer hinder angles. Head hidden. Tentacles very small. Eyesnone. Opercu- lum ——? (Duclos, t. 4 dis.)
* Anterior belt moderate. 1. AGARONIA TESTACEA. Spire conical; suture linear, distinct to top; pillar white; belt brown or white, single, smooth.
Oliva testacea, Lamk. no. 51; Reeve, C. I. t. 18. f. 36. Agaronia testacea, Adam.
Agaronia hiatula, Gray, Beechey, Voy. 152.
Oliva hiatula, Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 13, 14.
Oliva Steeria, Reeve, C. I. t. 18. f. 37.
Hab. Pacific ; Mexico (Lamk.).
2. AGARONIA INDUSICA.
Pillar white.
Oliva indusica, Reeve, C. 1. t. 19. f. 43. Hab. Kurrachee.
3. AGARONIA CINCTA,
Pillar white ; shell with two brown bands.
Oliva cincta, Reeve, C. 1. t. 20. f. 47. Hab. ?
02
4. AGARONIA CONTORTUPLICATA. Pillar white ; shell grey ; throat dark red-brown.
Oliva contortuplicata, Reeve, C. 1. t. 20. f. 51. Hab. Senegal.
** Anterior belt broader.
5. AGARONIA HIATULA. Pillar purple-brown in front ; belt brown or white.
Voluta hiatula, Gmelin, 8. N. 3442 ; Dillw. R. S. 518.
V. ringens, Soland. MSS.
Oliva hiatula, Lamk. no. 52; E. M. t. 368. f. 5; Reeve, C. I. t. 18. f. 35.
Oliva hiatula, var., Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 14, 15, t. 4 dds, f. 17-21.
Ancilla maculata, Schum.
Hiatula Lamarekii, Swains.
Hab. Mouth of Niger (Adanson); East coast of Africa (Capt. Owen).
6. AGARONIA NITELINA. Pale brown; front belt rather wide ; inner lip pale brown.
Oliva nitelina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 1, 2. Oliva ancillarioides, Reeve, C. I.t. 21. f. 55. Hab. Kurrachee.
9. OLIVINA.
Shell subcylindrical ; spire conical; sutural groove open to the tip ; aperture linear or subovate ; inner lip defined ; pillar obliquely twisted in front and obliquely grooved; belt single, rather narrow. Foot (Ol. puelehana) short, much shorter than the shell, very broad, rounded at the sides, enveloping the front of the shell; front lobes very small, narrow, acute at the sides. Head almost hidden. Ten- tacles none. Operculum distinct (D’Orb. Voy.).
* Shell white, aperture narrow.
1. OLIVINA GRACILIS. Throat purplish.
Oliva gracilis, Sow., Gray, Beechey, Voy. 130. t. 36. f. 1; Duclos, Oliv. t. 1.f. 17, 18; Reeve, C. I. t. 20. f. 46.
2. OtivinA RAZAMOLA. Oliva razamola, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 3-6.
3. Oxivina CALDANIA. Oliva caldania, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 3, 4.
53
4. OLIVINA TUNQUINA. Oliva tunquina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 6. f. 1, 2.
5. OLIVINA PANICULATA. Oliva paniculata, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 13-18.
. OLIVINA PULCHELLA. “gam pulehella, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 11, 12; Reeve, C. I. t. 30.
‘Oliva oryza, Lamk.; Reeve, C. I.t. 27. f. 81. Oliva menilifera, Reeve, C. I. t. 27. f. 84. Oliva pellucida, Reeve, C.1.t. 27. f. 85.
7. Otivina ANAZORA.
Oliva anazora, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f. 3,4; Reeve, C. I.t. 25. f. 74. Hab. Columbia.
8. OLIVINA LANCEOLATA.
Oliva lanceolata, Reeve, C. I. t. 30. f. 95. Hab. Luzon.
9. Outvina MIRIADINA. Oliva Miriadina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 5. f.1,2 ; Beeve, C.1. t. 30. f. 94.
10. OLIvVINA BULLATA.
Oliva bullata, Reeve, C. I. t. 30. f. 96. Hab. West Indies.
11. Oxvrvina ALECTONA. Oliva alectona, Duclos, Oliv. t. 4 dis, f. 15, 16.
12. OxrvinA PUELCHANA.
Oliva puelchana, D’ Orb. Amér. Mérid, 418. t. 49. f.13-19 ; Desh. Lamk. no. 64; Duclos, t. 4 dis, f. 1-6. Hab. Patagonia, St. Blas.
13. Oxrvina TEHUELCHANA.
Oliva tehuelchana, D’ Orb. Amér. Mérid. 418. t. 49.f. 7-12; Desh. Lamk. no. 63; Duclos, Oliv. t. 4 dis, f. 7-14. Hab. Patagonia, St. Blas.
14. Oxtvina EstHer. Oliva Esther, Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 7,8; Reeve, ©. 1. t. 23. f. 65.
15. OLivinA COLUMBA. Oliva columba, Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 3, 4.
54
16. OLIVINA STRIGATA.
Oliva strigata, Reeve, C. I. t. 25. f. 72. Hab. West Indies.
17. OLIVINA DEALBATA. Oliva dealbata, Reeve, C. 1. t. 25. f. 71. “
18. OLIVINA CHRULEA. Oliva cerulea, Reeve, C.1. t. 24. f. 70.
19. OLIviNA ZENOPIRA.
Oliva zenopira, Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 11, 12; Reeve,C.I. t. 24. f.69. Hab. Madagascar.
20. OLIVINA SELASIA. Oliva selasia, Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 19, 20.
21. OLIVINA TERGINA.
Oliva tergina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 13-16; Reeve, C. I.t. 26. f. 80. Hab. Central America.
22. OLIVINA FULGIDA.
Oliva fulgida, Reeve, C. 1. t. 26. f. 78. Hab. West Indies.
23. OLIVINA MUTICA.
Oliva mutica, Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 5-8 ; Reeve, C. I. t. 28. f. 86, eo, £93.
24. OLIVINA ZIGZAG. Oliva zigzag, Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 1-4, oper. a.
25. OLIVINA MANDARINA. Oliva mandarina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 19, 20.
26. OLIVINA JASPIDEA.
Voluta jaspidea, Gmelin, S. N. 3442; Dillw. R.S. 519.
Oliva eburnea, Lamk. no. 59; Dillw. 40; Duclos, t. 1. f. 13-16. Oliva conoidalis, Lamk. no. 59; Lister, t. 725. f. 13 ; Duclos, Ole. t) 229217, 28:
Voluta nivea, Gmelin.
Oliva nivea, Desh., Reeve, C. I. t. 23. f. 64.
Oliva jaspidea, Desh., Reeve, C.I. t. 22. f. 58.
Hab. Barbadoes (Laster).
27. OLIVINA MICA. Oliva mica, Duclos, Oliv. t. 11, 12.
55
28. Oxivina GUILDINGII.
Oliva Guildingii, Reeve, C. 1. t. 28. f. 89. Hab. West Indies.
29. OLIVINA FURA.
Oliva fura, Reeve, C. 1. t. 30. f. 97. Hab. ?
30. OLIVINA LEPTA. Oliva lepta, Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 7, 8.
31. OLIVINA FIMBRIATA.
Oliva fimbriata, Reeve, C. I. t. 29. f. 92. Hab. West Indies.
32. OLIVINA LINEOLATA.
Oliva lineolata, Gray in B.M. 1827, Beechey, Voy. 131.
Oliva Dama, Goodall * in Wood, Cat. Supp. t. 6. f. 37 ; Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f. 5, 6; Reeve, C. I. t. 23. f. 63.
Oliva purpurata, Swains. Z. Ill. t. 2. f. 1.
Oliva gracilis, Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 17, 18.
Olivella lineolata, Adans., Gray.
Hab. California.
a Shell grey, black-banded ; aperture subovate.
33. OLIVINA COLUMELLARIS. Shell smooth.
Oliva columellaris, Sow. Tank. Cat. 34; Wood, Supp. t. 4. f. 34; Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 11,12; Reeve, C. I. t. 23. f. 62. Hab. Peru.
34. OLIVINA ZONALIS.
Shell smooth, small.
Oliva zonalis, Lamk. no. 61 ; Gray, Beechey, Voy. 131. t. 36. f. 25; Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 3,4; Reeve, C.I.t. 29. f. 90.
Oliva attenuata, Reeve, C.1. t. 29. f. 90. Hab. Mexico.
35. OLIVINA SEMISULCATA. Shell, hinder half of the last whorl longitudinally grooved. Oliva semisulcata, Gray, Beechey, Voy. 130. t. 36. f. 10; Reeve,
. 1. t. $3: f. GI, Hab. West Columbia.
* Many of the names of the shells in Wood’s Suppl. were arbitrarily altered by the late Dr. Goodall as the work passed through the press, overlooking the fact that some of them had been established by prior publication.
56
36. OLIVINA ZANOETA. Blackish, with a subcentral white band. Oliva zanoéta, Duclos, Oliv. t. 2. f. 9,10; Reeve, C. I. t. 26. f. 76.
10. ScAPHULA.
Shell ovate, spire conical, sutural groove open to the apex ; aper- ture ovate ; inner lip rather expanded, thickened, defined, smooth, with two small plaits in front; anterior belt very narrow. Foot (Oliva biplicata or auriculata?) rather short, about the length of the shell, broad,*much dilated on the sides and covering the whole of the shell; the front lobes very large, broad, oblong, rounded on the sides.. Head hidden. Tentacles none. Eyes none. Operculum none. Animal pale grey-brown, not spotted.
1. SCAPHULA BIPLICATA. Grey-brown ; inner lip white ; spire conical ; suture dark brown.
Oliva biplicata, Sow. Tank. Cat. 33; Duclos, Oliv. t. 3. f.9, 10; Reeve, C. I. t. 20. f. 48.
Oliva nux, Goodall, Wood, Cat. Supp. t. 4. f. 33.
Olivancilla auricularia, D’Orb. Voy. Amér. Mérid. 421. t. 59. f. 20-22 shell (animal ?).
Though M. D’Orbigny in his text correctly described Oliva aurt- cularia of Lamarck, yet in his figure of the animal he represents the shell of Oliva biplicata, which does not even answer to the cha- racter of the genus to which he refers it; M. Deshayes has re- ferred both animal and shell to that species (see Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. x. 634).
M. Duclos to obviate the inconsistency—on what authority I do not know—in his enlarged copy of M. D’Orbigny’s figure of the animal, places on it a figure of the shell of the true Oliva auricu- laria of Lamarck!
It must be left to succeeding naturalists to discover if the animal figured by M. D’Orbigny is that of O. biplicata or O. auricularia. My genus Scaphula was established on D’Orbigny’s account of the animal.
2. SCAPHULA ROSALINA.
White, with distant zigzag yellow lines; front of pillar rose-co- loured.
Oliva rosalina, Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 1, 2; Reeve, C. I. t. 30. f. 99.
11. Micana.
Shell ovate or obconic; spire conical, callous; upper sutural groove obliterated ; aperture ovate; inner lip thickened, expanded ; pillar with two small grooves in front ; anterior belt narrow, single. Animal ? Operculum half-ovate, horny.
Sey 389MM ae Rese ee +
ge ~~. *
ay 33 3593
“79037 | eiemaiead .
57
1. MICANA NANA.
Voluta nitidula, Soland. MSS.; Dillw. R. 8. 521.
V.. utriculus, var., Gmelin, E. M. t. 363. f. 4.
Oliva nana, Lamk. no. 60; Vuclos, Oliv. t. 25. f. 5-8, oper. A.B; Reeve, C. I. t. 23. f. 66.
V. Ispidula, var., Born.
Oliva micans, Desh.
Voluta micans, Soland. MSS. ; Dillw. R.S. 521; E. M. t. 363. f. 3.
Oliva millepunctata, Duclos, Oliv. t. 25. f. 1-4; Reeve, C. I. e298. f. 87.
Oliva oryza, Lamk. no. 62; Duclos, Oliv. t. 1. f. 9, 10.
Voluta oryza, Dillw. R. 8. 522.
Oliva rufifasciata, Reeve, C.1. t. 28. f. 88.
Hab. West Indies.
January 26, 1858.
P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair.
The following papers were read :—
1. Norice or 4 New Genus or UrRope.tip& rrom Cryton, 1x THE COLLECTION OF THE British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z. anp Ent. Soc. etc.
‘(Reptilia, Pl. XIII.)
In examining the reptiles recently acquired in the British Museum, Mr. Edward Gerrard observed a Saurian from Ceylon, which he be- lieved to be new. I have great pleasure in sending a description of it to the Society, and in naming it after Mr. Gerrard, the preparer of the osteological specimens and of the animals in spirits in the British Museum, who has a most extraordinary empirical knowledge of the osteology of the different vertebrated animals and of the species of reptiles and fish.
Miry i, n. g.
Head tapering in front, acute ; rostral scale produced, compressed, acute, bluntly keeled above and below. Tail very short, subconical, rounded, covered with very close-set rough scales, each marked with two slight ridges of small asperities, with a central terminal a oblong plate furnished with a perpendicular blunt keel ; subcaudal shields in five rows, central series rather wider, six-sided; vent with two shields in front, and one in front of them between their base.
58
Mityi1a Gerrarpi. (Pl. XIII.)
Black ; sides with a series of short white perpendicular bands ; underside white, with a black spot in the middle of each scale, a white oblong four-sided spot over the base of the caudal rugosity ; subeaudal scales few, with a small black spot in the centre of each.
Hab. Ceylon.
The form of the head agrees with the genus Rhinophis of Wagler ; but it differs from that genus in the shortness, and especially in the structure, of the caudal shield, which, in that genus, is formed of a single horny conical plate.
2. Notice or THe Boscu Vark (PoTAMOCHGRUS AFRICANUS), LIVING IN THE GARDENS OF THE Society. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., erc.
(Mammalia, Pl. LIX.)
It was with great pleasure I was able to examine a living specimen of the Bosch Vark from the Cape of Good Hope, as some zoologists who had lived at the Cape had expressed to me a doubt as to the distinctness of the Painted Pig of the Camaroons from the Bosch Vark of the Cape, which they informed me is apt to vary in co- louring, being sometimes fulvous.
Any one who examines the two living animals as they are now placed, in two paddocks side by side in the Gardens, must at once be satisfied of the distinctness of the species of the two animals, quite independent of any variation that may occur in the ground colour of the individuals, and at the same time be convinced of their distinctness from the other pig and of their alliance to each other. Their differences may be thus stated in parallel columns :—
P. AFRICANUS, 8. Africa. The hair very long, blackish.
‘The nuchal crest very large, bushy, and extending over the shoulder.
Tail slender, placed rather high up.
Phe ears moderate, rather broad, with a small pencil at the
tip.
P. PENICILLATUS, W. Africa.
The hair short, adpressed, deep red.
The nuchal crest small, low, white, forming a narrow line.
Tail very thick, placed very high up in the haunches.
The ears large, elongate, nar- row, with a large terminal pencil.
These descriptions were taken at the same time of the year. The two sexes of the two species are similarly coloured and agree in the above characters. There are also several other distinctive
characters not so easily described.
7
we 4 a ee ee
> a Os
. . - 4 Fit aes , %.. 2 ee a8
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i al ads aes Te ;* ; P
ne
3. Notes on a COLLECTION or Birps RECEIVED BY M. Ver- REAUX OF PARIS FROM THE Rio Napoin THE REPUBLIC OF Ecvapor. By Puariiie Lurvey Scviarer, M.A., F.L.S. erc.
(Aves, Pl. CX XXII.)
Some time since I had the honour of directing the attention of this Society to a collection of birds belonging to Mr. Gould, which had been formed on the upper Rio Napo, in the province of Quixos, in the eastern part of the republic of Ecuador*. Several other small collections have lately come into the possession of Sir William Jardine and Mr. Gould from the same country, to all appearances prepared by the same hand; but there has been nothing very striking in the way of novelties amongst them, with the exception perhaps of a new Motmot (Momotus equatorialis, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 223) and one or two scarce species of ‘Toucan,
Judging from the labels on some of these specimens, I am led to believe that they were collected by a physician and naturalist named Villavicencio, lately resident at Puerto del Napo, where he is spoken of by the great Italian traveller Osculati in his ‘ Esplorazione delle Regioni Equatoriali+,’ and to whom M. Bourcier has dedicated the beautiful Humming-bird called Heliomaster villavicencii. 1 am glad of this opportunity of stating that I have been informed that this gentleman is now on his way to Europe, with the object of pub- lishing maps of the republic of Ecuador, and giving to the world an account of his discoveries in that little-known country.
M. Verreaux’s fine series of birds—embracing upwards of 170 species, a part of which I now have the pleasure of exhibiting to this Society—has evidently been formed in nearly the same locality as those which I have just mentioned, and contains specimens of most of the species which I have previously noticed as coming from this quarter. There are, however, many additional species, and upwards of twenty which I consider unnamed, and have accordingly described as new, and among these are several very peculiar forms. M. Ver- reaux, knowing the interest which I take in tracing the range of species, has kindly transmitted to me a perfect series, and I have thought it desirable to give a complete list of them, in order to show the general character of the Avi-fauna of this country.
M. Jules Verreaux carefully examined the whole of these birds before they left his brother’s hands, labelling nearly every species, and thus greatly lightening the severe labour of finding correct names for so large a collection. In the case of the new species I have always adopted his MS. names, and in this, as in other instances, have seldom found it necessary to disagree from the results at which he has arrived.
The most noticeable things in the collection are two Tanagers, which seem to be not only specifically but generically different from
59
* See P. Z. S. 1854, p. 109 ef seg. + Esplorazione delle Regione Equatoriali lungo il Napo ed il fiame delle Amaz- zoni, da Gaetano Osculati. Ed. 2. Milano, 1854, 1 vol. Svo.
60
anything hitherto known ; the fine series of Formicartide, embracing upwards of thirty species, of which several appear to be undescribed ; and a new bird of the peculiar South American family Pteropto- chide, forming a link between Merulavis and Scytalopus.
1. RosrrHamus sociaBiLis (Vieill.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 20; Strickl. Orn. Syn. p. 136, juv.
2. Scors ?
This bird seems certainly different from any of the S. American members of the genus with which J am acquainted, and M. Jules Verreaux has attached a new name to it, considering it to be unde- scribed. Although several naturalists have paid much attention to the Strigide of late years, there is still much confusion in several of the groups as to the distinctness of the different species, and in none perhaps more than in the difficult genus to which this bird belongs. I am therefore unwilling to describe the present example as new until I can give a general review of all the American species of the genus.
3. ACANTHYLIS ALBICOLLIS (Vieill.), Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p- 110.
4. Trocon viripis, Linn.; Bp. Consp. p. 148. — 7. melano- pterus, Gould, Mon. pl. 10, 11.
5. Trocon ramontanus, Dev. & DesMurs, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1849, p. 331; Voy. Castelnau, Zool. Ois. p. 33. pl. 11. fig. 2.
6. PHaromacrus ANTISIENSIS (D’Orb. & Lafr.).—Calurus pul- chellus, Gould.
7. PHAROMACRUS AURICEPS (Gould), Bp. Consp. p. 152.
8. Bucco HYPERRHYNCHUS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 193. pl. ev.
9. Bucco macropactyus (Spix), Sclater, Syn. of Buce. p. 14.
10. MaLacoprita uniToRQuES, DuBus.
I am still doubtful about the real specific distinctness of this species and M. nigrifusca from M. fusca of Cayenne. See my remarks in P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 195.
11. NonnvuLA FRONTALIS, Sclater, Mon. Buce. p. 20.
A specimen apparently referable to this Bogota species, but with- out any appearance of the rufous front of the adult.
12. MonaSsA PERUANA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 194.
13. MoNASA NIGRIFRONS, Spix.
61
14. GaLBuLA LevcoGasteR, Vieill.—G. chalcothorax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 110.
I believe I was in error in separating the bird from Quixos from G. leucogastra. A more mature specimen in the present collection seems to be not different from the latter species.
15. Momortvus semirurvus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 254. 16. Momorus 2quaroriatis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 223. 17. Dacnis cayana (L.) 9, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 252.
18. CHLOROPHANES ATRICAPILLA, Vieill.
19. ANABATES LINEATICEPS, Sclater, Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1856.
20. ANABATES INFUSCATUS, Sclater, Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1856.—A. amazonus, Lafr. MS.
These two birds agree well with the types of my descriptions in my own collection, which were procured on the Upper Amazon. The former bird is also among the species collected by Hauxwell on the Ucayali, one of whose specimens is now in the British Museum.
21. Anasates ruFicAupATUS, Lafr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1838, p. 15.
22. ANABATES ERYTHROPTERUS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 27. Both these two birds agree with Bogota skins.
23. ANABATES MELANORHYNCHUS, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 35. pl. 21. fig. 1 (teste Lafresnayo).
24. ANABATES MELANOPEZUS, Sp. nov. ie
Supra saturate umbrino-brunneus, uropyyio rufescente, cauda pure rufa: subtus pallide cinerascenti-brunneus, medialiter dilutior ; gula albicantiore sed rufo lavata; crisso rufescente ; tectricibus subalaribus cum remigum intus nigricantium parte vicina lete rufis: rostro nigro, gonyde pallescente ; pedibus nigricanti-plumbeis.
Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°2, caudee 3-0.
This species is very closely allied to Tschudi’s 4. ochrolemus, with which it has been identified by M. de Lafresnaye. But as I have in my collection one of Tschudi’s original specimens (of A. ochrolemus), I am enabled to affirm that the two birds, though much resembling one another, cannot be considered as of the same species. Their upper surfaces are much alike; but beneath, the present bird is of a very pale ashy-brown, while 4. ochrolemus is nearly as dark below as above. In A. melanopezus the bill is shorter, stouter, and nearly all black, and the feet are blackish lead-colour ; in 4. ochro-
62
lemus the bill is thinner and more elongated, yellowish, with the culmen horn-colour, and the feet are pale brown.
25. ANABATES PYRRHODES, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. ii. p. 689. —A. ochraceus, Lafr. MS.
A specimen referable, as I believe, to this species, of which I have seen examples in the Paris Museum and in the collection of the Aca- demy at Philadelphia, is marked “4. ochraceus, Lafr.”’
26. ANABATES GuTTURATUS, Lafr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1838, p. 14 (teste Lafresnayo).
27. ANABATES PULVERICOLOR, sp. nov.—Synallaxis pulvericolor, Lafr. MS.
Terricolori-brunneus, interscapulio saturatiore, subtus dilutior, alis extus et cauda omnino rufis: rostro brevi, paulum ineurvo, albo ; pedibus robustis, plumbeis.
Long. tota 6°2, alee 2°6, caudze 2°8 ; tarsi 0°8, rostri a fronte 0°5.
A single bad specimen of this species belonging to M. de Lafres- naye, and kindly lent to me by him along with other specimens selected from this collection, bears the MS. name Synallawis pulveri- color. It appears, however, to me to be better placed with Ana- bates, and more nearly resembles the figure given in Buffon’s PI. Enl. of Anabates guianensis, which is the type of the genus, than anything I have yet seen. Had it been from Guiana instead of the Rio Napo, I should have thought it was probably referable to that long-lost species.
It certainly is not a typical Anabates, speaking of the set of birds commonly so called, the bill being shorter, straighter, and smaller than in these birds generally, though not very different from that of Anabates erythrophthalmus, but it is more nearly allied to Anabates than to any species of Synallaxis with which I am acquainted.
f 28. ScLERURUS BRUNNEUS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 17.
Agrees with my specimen from Bogota, and confirms my impres- sion as to the validity of this species.
Long. tota 6°2, alze 3°0, caudz 2°3, rostri a fronte ‘8, a rictu 1°1, tarsi *9.
29. SYNALLAXIS BRUNNEICAUDALIS, sp. nov.—Synallazis brun- neicauda, Lafr. MS.
Supra olivaceo-brunnea, alis extus et pileo castaneis, subtus obscure cinerascens, lateribus olivaceo indutis: caude rectri- cibus decem, colore saturate purpurascenti-brunneis, plumarum scapis nigris: tectricibus subalaribus ochraceo-flavis: rostro nigro, gonydis basi albicante: pedibus brunneis.
Long. tota 6°5, alee 2°4, caudee 2°7, rostri a fronte °6, tarsi *95.
A fine large Synallaxis, for which I have employed M. de Lafres-
63
naye’s MS. name. The only adult specimen is in bad condition. Both the examples belong to M. de Lafresnaye’s collection.
30. SYNALLAXIS ALBIGULARIS, sp. nov.—Synallavis albigula, Lafr. MS.
Supra murino-brunnea ; cauda concolore ; pileo postico et tectri- cibus alarum extus rufis: lateribus capitis et corpore subtus cinereis : loris albidis : gula et ventre medio pure albis, lateri- bus et crisso brunnescenti-cinereis : rostri nigricantis gonyde albicante : pedibus clare brunneis.
Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°3.
A short-tailed species of Synallavis, as I should judge from the only specimen under observation, in which, however, the medial rec- trices are absent. It is very nearly allied to Temminck’s S. albescens, but differs sufficiently in its white throat and belly, as far as I can judge from the unique specimen.
31. XENOPS GENIBARBIS, Temm. ? An imperfect specimen.
32. DENDRORNIS PALLIDIROSTRIS, Lafr. * Affinis D. chuncotambo, Tsch.’’—Lafr.
33. DENDRORNIS BREVIROSTRIS, Lafr. 34, PICOLAPTES ALBO-LINEATUS, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 208.
4 35. XIPHORHYNCHUS GRENADENSIS, Lafr.
‘© 36. DenpRocoLarTes AaTrirostris, Lafr. et D’Orb.; Lafr.
Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 466.
37. GLYPHORHYNCHUS CUNEATUS, Bp. Consp. p. 209 ?
I am not certain whether characters of species 32, 33 and 35 have yet been published or not ; but as M. de Lafresnaye has worked so energetically at this group of birds, I am unwilling to anticipate him by publishing descriptions of birds which bear his names.
TROGLODYTIN&.
38. CypHorinus MODULATOR (D’Orb.).
Thryothorus modulator, D’Orb. Voy. p. 230.—Sarochalinus rufi- gularis, DesMurs in Casteln. Voy. Ois. p. 49. pl. 17. fig. 2.
39. CypHorinus Levucostictus, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 206?
This species is very nearly resembling, but not perhaps quite iden- tical with, my Seytalopus prostheleucus from Mexico, P. Z. 8. 1856, p-. 290. I was quite wrong in referring this latter bird to the genus Scytalopus, that form with its closed nostrils belonging to the Pfe- roptochide (a name which I propose to substitute for Lafresnaye’s term Rhinomydee) ; while the Cyphorini, presenting a somewhat
64
similar outward appearance, but readily distinguishable upon close examination, are true Wrens in structure. The same observation may be made of Lafresnaye’s Scytalopus griseicollis from Bogota. Cabanis gives Guiana and Mexico as localities for his C. leucostictus ; if the birds from these two localities are not identical (as I think is likely to be the case), the S. American bird may retain Cabanis’s name, and the Mexican species be called Cyphorinus prostheleucus. + The specimens in the present collection differ from the Mexican bird in their rather larger size, longer bill, and the deeper chestnut of the back and upper wing-coverts, which latter are not nearly so much spotted with white.
40. THryoTHoRUS CoRAyA (Gm.). Rather darker head, but hardly distinct from the Cayenne bird.
41. MyropiocTes CANADENSIS (Linn.). 42. RHIMAMPHUS BLACKBURNIA, Juv.
43. RHIMAMPHUS CHZRULEUS (Linn.), Juv. 44, Turpvus minimus, Lafr.
45. Turpus pHmopycGos, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iil. p. 666. Back slightly darker, but not apparently otherwise different.
46. MALACOCICHLA MACULATA, Sp. nov. Catharus maculatus, J. Verreaux, MS.
Supra nigricanti-schistacea, pileo toto cum capitis lateribus niger- rimis : subtus ochracescenti-albida, lateraliter schistacea: gula et pectore summo triangulariter nigro maculatis, maculis quoque in ventris lateribus rotundis, obsolete schistaceis: tectricibus subalaribus nigro-schistaceis: rostro et pedibus flavis.
Long. tota 7-0, alee 3°6, caude 2°8, rostri a fronte °6, a rictu °85,
tarsi 1:4.
This interesting bird is a close ally of Gould’s Malacocichla dryas from Guatemala, and I have therefore placed it in the same genus. It may be distinguished from that species by the dark slaty colour ‘ of the back, which in M. dryas is greenish olive. Whether these birds will be ultimately separable from the genus Catharus is, I think, questionable; and M. Jules Verreaux is therefore quite as likely to be correct in his appellation of this species as I am in mine. Besides M. dryas from Guatemala (P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 285, pl. 75), Prince Bonaparte has described a Mexican species—M. mexicana (Compt. Rend. Aug. 2, 1856). The Prince also informed me (after a visit to M. de Lafresnaye’s collection, which he made shortly before his decease) that Myioturdus fuscater, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 341, belongs to this same genus—so that this is probably the fourth species known.
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47. CymBILanius LINEATUS (Leach), ¢ et 9.
~-
ty THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 69. pl. 83.
49. THAMNOPHILUS corviNuUs, Gould, P. ZS. 1855, p. 69.
50. THAMNOPHILUS MELANOCEPs, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 28. pl. 39. fig. 1; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 133.
51. THAMNOPHILUS MACULIPENNIS, Sclater, Edinb. Phil. Journ. i. p. 247.
52. THAMNOPHILUS &THIOPS, sp. nov.
3. Ater unicolor ; campterio et tectricibus subalaribus albo variegatis: rostro et pedibus nigerrimis.
2. Castaneo-brunnea unicolor, alis intus obscurioribus, maculis quibusdam tectricum superiorum majorum apicalibus cum camp- terii margine et tectricibus subalaribus flavicanti-rufis : cauda nigra: rostro et pedibus nigris.
Long. tota 6-0, alee 2°8, caudee 2°5, rostri a rictu *85, tarsi *9.
This species is in colour like 7. immaculatus, of a uniform black ;
but, whilst that has only a very insignificant white patch on the bend of the wing, the 7. e/hiops has the under wing-coverts as well as the upper coverts close to the bend varied with white. Besides, the bill is much shorter and stouter, and the whole bird is smaller in its dimensions. Of 7. immaculatus I make the corresponding measurements :—Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°3, caude 3-0, rostri a rictu 1°0, tarsi 1°3.
53. THAMNOPHILUS CAPITALIS, sp. nov.
3. Cinereus, alis intus obscurioribus: pileo nigro; subtus dilu- tior, tectricibus subalaribus et marginibus remigum interioribus ochracescenti-albidis : cauda nigricante : rostro et pedibus plumbeo-nigris.
Q. Umbrino-brunnea ; pileo rufo; subtus dilutior, gula albican- tiore: rostro pedibusque plumbeis, illius mandibula inferiore pallidiore.
Long. tota 5*7, ale 2°5, caudze 2:0, tarsi *75.
This Thamnophilus belongs to the typical division of the group which contains 7’. nevivs and its allies. It is easily distinguishable by its uniform cinereous plumage and black head, with the absence of all markings on the wings and tail. M. Verreaux’s collection contains a male not quite adult and two females of this species.
54. THAMNOPHILUS STRIGILATUS, Spix, Av. Bras. ii, pl. 36. fig. 1?
Apparently a female of some species of this genus. A large light- chestnut blotch occupies the base of the back feathers, which are inordinately thickened.
No. CCCLI.—ProcrepineGs or THK ZOOLOGICAL Sociery.
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55. DysirHAMNUS scHisTAcEus(D’Orb.).—Thamnophilus schis- taceus, D’Orb. Voy. p. 170. pl. 5. fig. 1.
3. Obscure cinereus, subtus vir dilutior, macula parva sub dorsi medii pennis et rectricum margine apicali angusta albis : rostro et pedibus nigris.
2. Obscure brunnea, subtus flavicanti-rufescens, gula albicante ; alis caudaque nigricanti-fuscis, rectricum margine apicali ru- Sescenti-alba.
Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°8, caudee 1°9, tarsi *75.
Obs.—Affinis D. plumbeo ex Brasilia, sed alis concoloribus neque
albo marginatis.
I refer this bird with some doubt to D’Orbigny’s species.
56. DysITHAMNUS LEUCOSTICTUS, sp. Nov.
Supra umbrino-brunneus, pileo rufescentiore, pennis omnibus in- terne cinereis: subtus cinereus, capitis lateribus cum gula et pectore guttis elongatis albis, pennas medias occupantibus, ma- culatis: ventri lateribus et crisso olivaceo tinctis: cauda ob- secure nigra, extus brunneo marginata: rostro et pedibus ngris.
Long. tota 5°2, alee 2°75, caudee 2°0, tarsi 1°85.
This species is noticeable on account of the clear white elongated shaft-spots on the throat and breast, which distinguish it from other birds of the group. In two younger specimens in MM. Verreaux’s collection these spots are hardly yet apparent, and the rich brown edging of the upper plumage is only partly assumed, leaving these parts of a brownish cinereous.
57. DysITHAMNUS SEMICINEREUS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 90. pl 97,..2
58. PyRIGLENA SERVA, Sp. nov.
3. Nigra, subtus magis ardesiaca : macula magna interscapula- rium interna et tectricum alarium superiorum marginibus apica- libus cum campterio albis ; rostro et pedibus nigris.
Q. Olivascenti-cinerea, macula interscapularium interna alba: subtus saturate ferruginea ; alis caudaque fuscis, tectricum alarium superiorum marginibus et tectricibus subalaribus rufes- centibus ; rostro superiore nigro, inferiore flavido: pedibus Suscis.
Long. tota 5°3, alee 2°5, caudee 2°3, rostri a rictu 0°8, tarsi 0°9.
Distinguished from Pyriglena domicella and P. atra by its smaller
size. Sir William Jardine recently lent me some specimens of For- micartide from Quixos, among which were examples of both sexes of this same species. I do not know Lanws funebris, Licht. (Doubl. p- 47), from Cayenne, but as far as I can judge from his short cha- racters, it can hardly be identical with the present bird.
59. PyriGLena QuixeEnsis (Cornalia).—Thamnophilus quizensis,
Corn. Vert. Syn. p. 12.—Pyriglena quizensis, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p- 112.
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60. PyRiGLENA RUFIVENTRIS (Corn.).—Thamnophilus rufiven- tris, Corn. Vert. Syn. p. 12.—Pyriglena rufiventris, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 112.
Probably the female of the preceding.
61. THAMNOMANES GLAUCUS, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 230; Bp. Consp. i. p. 2017 62. Formicivora CINERASCENS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 131.
This specimen agrees perfectly with others from the same locality, except in the absence of all edgings to the wing-coverts.
63. ForMIcIvOoRA HAUXWELLI, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 131, pl. exxvi. fig. 2, d et 2.
64. ForMICIVORA MENETRIESI. Myrmothera menetriesi, D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mér. Ois. p. 184.
65. Formictvora pyGM#A (Gm.), Buff. Pl. Enl. 831. fig. 2, dg et 2.
66. Formicivora caupara, Sclater, P, Z.S.1854, p. 254, pl. 74, juy.
67. HypocNeMIS MYIOTHERINA (Spix) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p- 146.
68. Hypocnemis MELANosTIcTA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 234. pl. Ixxiii. 69. Hypocnemis THERES# (DesMurs).
Conopophaga theresa, DesMurs, Voy. Casteln. Ois. p. 51. pl. 16. fig. 2.
70. HyrocneMis ORNATA.—Formicivora ornata, Sclater, Rev. et.Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 480, 3 et ?.
71. Hypocnemis cantator (Bodd.), Pl. Enl. 700, 2.
72. Hypocnemis paciLtonota, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 213. pl. 4. fig. 2, 2.
73. Piruys atBirrons (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 707. fig. |.
74. HeTeEROCNEMIS ALBIGULARIS, Sp. nov.
Brunnescenti-olivaceus, plumis omnibus nigro obsolete marginatis, alis caudaque nigricantibus ; fascia alarum duplici alba: sub- tus pallide cinerascens, gutture albo, ventre nigricante trans- versim lineato : rostro nigro, mandibule inferioris basi albido : pedibus fuscis.
Long. tota 4°2, ale 2°35, cande 0:9, rostri a rictu 0°9, tarsi 1-0.
68
Obs.—Affinis H. bamble ex Cayenna, sed crassitie paulo majore, ' rostro longiore et gula alba dignoscenda.
75. CONOPOPHAGA TORRIDA, Sp. Nov.
Clare brunnescenti-olivacea, dorsi plumis nigro partim variegatis ; capite supra, alis et cauda ferruginescenti-brunneis : tectricibus alarum et secundariis extus macula apicali fulvo-flavida orna- tis: plumarum fasciculo postoculart albo: subtus clare ferru- ginea, gula et ventre medio albicantibus, hypochondriis et ventre imo magis fulvis : mandibula superiore nigra, inferiore cornea : pedibus pallidis.
Long. tota 4°6, alee 2°8, caude 1-2, tarsi 1°0.
M. Verreaux’s collection contained a single specimen of this ap- parently new Conopophaga, not in very good plumage. A more perfect example in the British Museum, which is from Chamicurros in Eastern Peru, has furnished my specific characters.
This is a typical species of the genus somewhat allied to C. lineata of South-eastern Brazil.
76. ConoporpHaGA PERUVIANA, DesMurs, Voy. Casteln. Ois. p. 52. pl. 16. fig. 1.
4 77. ForMIcaRIus NiGRIFRONS, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 68.
78. Formicartus ANALIS (Lafr. et D’Orb.), D’Orb. Voy. pl.6 2s, fig. 1.
79. FoRMICARIUS NIGRO-MACULATUS (Lafr. et D’Orb.), D’Orb. Voy. Ois. pl. 6*.
80. Cuamaza NoBILis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 68.
81. GRALLARIA FLAVIROSTRIS, sp. nov.
Brunnescenti-olivacea, loris et capitis lateribus rufescentibus : subtus alba, pectoris medii et lateralis plumis pallide rujis, utrinque nigro late limbatis, quasi squamatis; gule laterum plumis rufo tinctis, fascia nigricante intus marginatis; tec- tricibus subalaribus pallide rufis; rostro flavo ; pedibus clare brunneis.
Long. tota 4°2, alee 2°7, caudee 1°1, tarsi 0-9, rostri a rictu 0°7.
This diminutive Grallaria is very like the Venezuelan bird which
I described in the Proceedings for last year (P. Z.S. 1857, p. 129) under the name G. loricata. Like that, it has a pectoral band formed by the black margins of the pale rufous feathers ; but in the present species the band is much narrower, and the head is not chestnut.
82. GRALLARIA FULVIVENTRIS, Sp. nov.
Olivaceo-brunnea, pileo obscuriore, alis extus magis rufescentibus, loris albidis: subtus gula et abdomine medio albis, pectore, ventri lateribus et crisso cum tectricibus alarum inferioribus —
ee
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saturate fulvis, pectore lineis quibusdam niyris variegato : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore, nisi apice, flavo: pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 5:5, alee 3°2, caudee 174, tarsi 1°5, rostri a rictu 0°95. This Grallaria seems to belong to a species distinct from anything yet deseribed. The bird most resembling it of those I have met with, is G. macularia, of which there are specimens in the Leyden Museum ; but that is rather a peculiar species, remarkable for its denuded orbits and short, strong hind-nail, while this bird has the hind-nail slender and rather long, and is in every respect a typical member of the genus.
Genus novum AGATHOPUS.
Rostrum modice longitudinis, brevius quam caput, subulatum, culmine recto, ad apicem paulum incurvo, gonyde ascendente, mandibula superiore ad apicem dentata, naribus, prout in om- nibus hujus familie generibus, coopertis: ale brevissime, ro- tundate, remige septima sextam et quintam paulo excedente et longissima, tertia secundarias equante: pedes validi, tarsis longis, antice scutellis novem regularibus, postice scutellis mi- nutis, tecti; unguibus curvatis, acutis ; cauda modice longi- tudinis, multum rotundata, rectricibus duodecim, extimis di- midio brevioribus, ceteris gradatim longioribus ; tectricibus supra-caudalibus densissimis.
83. AGATHOPUS MICROPTERUS, Sp. Noy.
Obscure nigricanti-schistaceus, dorso postico cum ventre imo, late- ribus et crisso saturate brunneis, radiis transversis nigris, in tergo viv apparentibus, subobsolete variegatis : rostro nigro, pedibus clare brunneis.
Juvenis.—Radiis transversis nigris omnino obtectus, gula magis cinerascente, et colore toto magis brunneo.
Long. tota 3°3, alee 2°3, caudee 1°9, rostri a rictu *7, tarsi 1-0.
This curious bird, of which the collection contains two examples,
seems intermediate in form, as in size, between Merulazis atra and the Scytalopodes. From the former it differs in the shape of the bill, which is shorter, has the gonys curved upwards, and wants the ele- vated feather-tufts on the front ; from Seytalopus it is distinguished by its thicker, stronger and larger bill, longer tail, and longer tarsi. These genera, along with Pterop/ochus and its allies, appear to me to constitute a well-distinguished group, for which, as I have said above, I propose to use the term Pteroptochide, deduced from the oldest and best-known genus (instead of Lafresnaye’s name Rhinomydee) according to the orthodox rule for forming the names of families. The distinctions of these birds as a group are well pointed out in the Ornithology of D’Orbigny’s Voyage (p. 192), and their most essential character, as is there stated, consists in the covered nostril, only a narrow longitudinal aperture being left, which occurs in every species. They must certainly be arranged next to the Formicarida, within the limits of which they have been placed by Cabanis and
70
other writers; and I am not myself certain that it may not be pos- sible to consider them only as a subfamily belonging to that series.
84. ToprRosTRUM CAPITALE, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83. pl. 125. f. 2.
85. TopIROSTRUM SQUAMICRISTATUM, Lafr. R.Z. 1846, p. 363.
86. TopIROSTRUM SPICIFERUM, Lafr. R, Z. 1846, p. 363; P. i, 8, 1855,"p. By, pl. a2. 8. 2. .
In my communication on some new species of this genus in last year’s Proceedings (p. 84), I have united this bird with T. galea- tum, figured in Pl. Enl. 391. f. 1, from Cayenne. Mr. G. R. Gray has however pointed out to me specimens of both these species in the British Museum, whereby it clearly appears that I was in error in so doing. The two are certainly very nearly allied species, but 7. galeatum (which appears to be the same as the bird deno- minated Colopterus cristatus by Cabanis) may be distinguished by having no edgings to the wing-coverts, and by the very peculiar ab- breviation of the three first primaries.
87. ToDIROSTRUM PICATUM, Sp. nov.
Supra nigrum, loris et secundariarum trium ultimarum pogonis externis cum macula rectricis une utrinque extime apicali albis, his flavicante tinctis ; subtus album, tectricibus sub- alaribus et margine camptervi flavicanti-albis : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore albo ; pedibus pallide fuscis.
Long. tota 3°5, ale 2°1, caudze 1°3, rostri a fronte 6:0, tarsi 6-5.
This peculiar Todirostrum is quite unlike any other known mem-
ber of the genus in colouring. In structure it is generally typical, but with the bill not quite so broad towards the apex as in some others.
88. Myrosprus pHaNicuRus. — Tyrannula phenicura, Sclater, P. ZS. 1854, p. TES. pl.166. 1 3:
89. Myiosius 2 Affinis M. barbato, sed crassitie majore.
90. Myrosrus ERYTHRURUS, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 249. pl. 5. f. 1. 91. TyRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS, Vieill.
92, CYCLORHYNCHUS ZQUINOCTIALIS, sp. nov.
Clare olivaceus, remigibus alarum nigricantibus flavicanti-viridi late limbatis ; cauda fusca, rectricum marginibus dorso con- coloribus: subtus flavicans, yula grisescente ; pectore et late- ribus cum crisso olivaceo perfusis ; tectricibus subalaribus sul- phureis ; rostro superiore nigro, inferiore albo; pedibus carnets.
Long. tota 6°0, alee 2°6, caudee 2°3, rostri a rictu 0°8, tarsi 0°7.
This bird is a close ally of the Brazilian Cyclorhynchus olivaceus,
but may be distinguished by its shorter wings and tail, and by the pure yellow of the middle of the abdomen.
71
93. PLaryrayNCcuus coronatus, Verreaux, MS.
Brunnescenti-olivaceus, alis caudaque fuscis, pilei cristati parte mediali flavissima laterali utrinque castanea ; linea superciliart et altera a rictu descendente nigris ; loris et corpore subtus cum tectricibus subalaribus sordide flavicantibus ; rostro supe- riore nigro, inferiore albicante ; pedibus pallide fuscis.
Long. tota 3°8, alee 2°4, caudee 1°2, rostri a rictu *55, tarsi 55.
This is a typical species of the genus Platyrhynchus with the
bill nearly of the same breadth and shape as in P. cancroma, and of the general size and form of that species; but it is easily re- cognizable by its bright yellow crest being broadly margined with deep chestnut, and by the shorter and more slender tarsi. These two birds and Platyrhynchus rostratus are the only members of the group with which I am acquainted.
94, Event avsicers (Lafr. & D’Orb.).
95. EL&NIA LUTEIVENTRIS, Sp. nov.
Supra fusca unicolor, alis caudaque paulo saturatioribus ; gut- ture griseo, abdomine medio et crisso cum tectricibus alarum inferioribus sulphureo-flavis, pectore et lateribus oleagineis ; rostro et pedibus nigris.
Long. tota 5:3, ale 2°8, caudee 2°3, tarsi 0°6.
A typical Zlenia of the same form as FE. pagana, the type of the
genus, but of smaller size, and differing in colouring from all mem- bers of the group with which I am acquainted.
96. LepropoGon suPERCILIARIS, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. pl.10. f. 2. p. 161?
97. MronecTEs OLEAGINEUS (Licht.) ; Bp. Consp. p. 187.
98. Copurus LEuconoTus, Lafr. See P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148. The same as the Bogota bird.
99. PACHYRHAMPHUS MARGINATUS (Max.); P.Z.S. 1857, p. 77.
100. PacuyRHAMPHUS vERSICOLOR (Hartl.); P. Z.S. 1857, p- 76.
101. Lirpaveus rusco-c1neREvS (Lafr.).
102. CorrnGa MAYNANA (Linn.) 2?
103. CepHALOPTERUS ORNATUS, Geoffr.
104. Rurrcova pervuviana (Lath.)?.
105. CrrRHIPIPRA FILICAUDA (Spix) °.
106. Prera coracina, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 29.
107. Prpra cornuta, Spix ? ?
72
108. Piera srrio~ata, Bp. Consp. p. 174 ¢.
109. Piprires CHLORION, Bp. Consp. p. 174?
I do not unfortunately possess, nor have I access to specimens of Piprites chlorion of Cayenne ; so I may be in error in referring this bird to that species. It is however certainly different from Piprites chloris of Brazil, and therefore probably new, if not identical with P. chlorion.
110. Cyanocorax r1ncas (Bodd.) ; Pl. Enl. 625. 111. Cyanocorax vioLaceus, DuBus ; Bp. Consp. p. 379.
112. Cacicus yuracarium, D’Orb. & Lafr.; D’Orb. Voy. Ois. pl. 51. f. 1. p. 365.
113. Cacicus cristatus (Gm.); Bp. Consp. p. 427.
114. DoticHonyx oryztvorus (Linn.) juv. ?
I have seen several S. American specimens of this bird, not appa- rently much differing from northern examples, theugh I think it very likely that they may eventually be found to belong to a different species. Dr. Hartlaub has hinted at its occurrence in Paraguay (Index to Azara, p. 9): my own specimens are from Bolivia and S. Martha, New Grenada, and it appears to have been procured by Darwin in the Galapagos islands.
115. Spermopuita Luctuosa, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291, jun. ? 116. SauraTor MaGNus (Gm.).
117. SALTATOR AZAR&, D’Orb.
Nearly agreeing with Bolivian specimens in the British Museum, which I refer to D’Orbigny’s species ; but a shade darker on the back.
118. BUARREMON BRUNNEINUCHUS (Lafr.).
119. ARREMON SPECTABILIS, Sclater.
?
120. CHLOROSPINGUS An immature bird, and bad skin.
121. Evcometis ALBicouuis (Lafr. & D’Orb.) ; Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 117 (2).
It will be necessary to compare this specimen with the type in the Paris Museum before it can be referred without doubt to D’Or- bigny’s species.
122. Lanio atricaPiLuus (Gm.) ??
123. CREURGOPS VERTICALIS, sp. et gen. novum. (Pl, CXXXII. fig. 2.)
73
CreurGops*, genus novum, Lanioni et Trichothraupidi affine, sed rostro diverso. Rostrum breve, crassum, culmine versus apicem ineurvo, gonyde vie ascendente, commissura modice arcuata, mandibula superiore dente mediali distincto et altero finali instructo ; vibrissis rictalibus nonnullis: ale modice, cauda tertiam partem attingentes, remigibus secunda, quarta et quinta equalibus et longissimis, prima his paulo breviore : cauda longa, apice quadrata.
CREURGOPS VERTICALIS, J. Verreaux, MS.
Supra fuscescenti-schistacea, pileo semicristato saturate ferru- gineo, hujus lateribus cum fronte nigricantibus : alis caudaque Susco-nigris ; subtus ferruginescenti-ochracea : rostro nigri- cante, gonydis basi albida, pedibus fuscis.
Long. tota 6°2, alee 3-2, caude: 2°5, rostri a rictu 0°7, tarsi 0°85.
This peculiar Tanager seems to belong to the neighbourhood of
Lanio, Tachyphonus and their allies, and, like the former, has a very sharply defined notch about two-thirds of the distance along the edge of the upper mandible. But the bill is otherwise very different from that of Lanio, being much shorter, broader, thicker, and more swollen, with the culmen much arched towards the tip. The single specimen contained in the collection is not in very good condition, but its perfect distinctness from every known species of Tanager is obvious at first sight.
124. PyranGa ruBRA (L.) ?. 125. PyranGa astiva (L.) ? et ¢ juv.? 126. RampuHoce us pimipratus (Lafr.) ?.
127. Evcuares coccingvs, J. Verreaux, MS., sp. et gen. noy. (Pl. CXXXII. fig. 1.)
Coccineus, loris, facie et mento cum gutture et collo antico, alis
caudaque nigerrimis: rostro et pedibus nigris.
Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°5, caudee 2-4, rostri a fronte 0°55, a rictu 0°7, tarsi 0°9.
The single specimen of this bird in the present collection is the most interesting novelty which I have met with since I commenced studying the group to which it belongs. Its plumage is precisely that of a Ramphocelus, but the structure is quite different, and renders it impossible to place it in that group. The form of the bill is rather that of the true Tanagre, and agrees more nearly with that of Ta- nagra olivi-cyanea and Buthraupis eximia, but it is shorter, thicker, aud more swollen than in the former, though not so much so as in the latter of these birds. The tail is comparatively much shorter than in either of these forms ; and altogether it is, 1 think, imprac- ticable to arrange it in any other way than as a separate generic division, for which the following characters may suftice :-—
* cpcoupyos lanius, et wp facies.
74
Rostrum forte, breve, carinatum, compressum, culmine arcuato, gonyde ascendente, dente finali distincta, commissura paululum sinuata ; vibrissis nullis: ale longa, remige prima quartam aequante et a secunda et tertia longissimis paulo superatis: cauda brevis, apice modice rotundata: pedes fortes, sicut in genere Buthraupide : ptilosis coccinea, nigro varia.
128. TANAGRA MELANOPTERA, Hartl.
129. CaLuiste puLcHRa (Tsch.).
130. CALLISTE sCHRANKI (Spix).
131. CALLISTE GYROLOIDES (Lafr.).
132. CALLISTE VENUSTA, Sclater.
133. CHLOROCHRYSA CALLIPAR&A (T'sch.), juv.
134. EUPHONIA XANTHOGASTRA, Sund.
135. EUPHONIA RUFIVENTRIS (Vieill.) ?.
136. Procnias OCCIDENTALIS, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 249.
137. CHLORONERPES SELYSI, Malh. 138. CeLEus JUMANA (Spix), Av. Bras. i. p. 57. pl. 47.
139. CeLeus Gramnicus, Malh. Mém. Soc. Roy. Liege, 1845, p- 69. I have a specimen of this bird from the Peruvian Amazon.
140. CELEUS VERREAUXI. Celeopicus verreauxi, Malh. MS.*
* M. Malherbe, who examined and named the Picide@ in this collection before they came under my inspection, has kindly transmitted to me the following notes on this new species, of which there was but one specimen :—
Celeopicus verreauxi, Malherbe.
“ & adultus—Rostro albido-corneo, basi livido ; pileo toto, capite ad latera et occipitis crista obscure castaneis, in medio nigris ; corpore supra flavido- cinnamomeo, abdomine remigibusque secundariis cinnamomeo-rufis, omnibus immaculatis ; alarum tectricibus minoribus pectareque medio cinnamomeo- rujis, fasciolis nonnullis cordiformibus, interruptis, nigris variegatis: gule et colli plumis castaneis in medio nigris ; remigibus primariis nigricantibus, intus basin versus flavido-rufescentibus, extus plus minusve rufis: hypo- chondriis alarumque tectricibus inferioribus rufescenti-flavis ; plus minusve ad basin rufo marginatis : pedibus griseo-virescentibus.
“Long. tota 220-230, ale 133, caude 73-80, tarsi 19 mill. Gall.
“Ce grimpeur ressemble beaucoup au Celeopicus grammicus, mais on le dis- tingue de prime abord parceque le C. grammicus a tout le dos, les scapulaires, toutes les tectrices alaires et les rémiges secondaires ainsi que les parties infé- rieures, a l’exception du bas-ventre, rayés transversalement de bandes noires: le croupion, qu’est d’un jaune mélé du roussatre, et les tectrices caudales, qui sont
75
141. Dryocorus namarocaster, Tsch. Faun. Per. pl. 25. 142. Dryocorus aLurrosrris (Spix), Av. Bras, i. pl. 45. iP:
144. Capiro peRvUVIANUus, Cuv.
143. Prcumnus
145, Evusucco sARTLAUvBI, juy. ?
146. PrayA MEHLERI, Bp. Consp. p. 110?
Agrees with specimens of the New Grenadian representative of P. cayana, which I suppose to be the bird intended by Prince Bona- parte for P. mehleri. °
147, Rampuastos cutminatus, Gould, Mon, ed. 2. pl. 11. 148. PreroGLossus pLuRicinctus, Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 17.
149. PreroGuossus rLAvirostris, Fraser ; Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 29.
150. ANDIGENA NIGRIROSTRIS* (Waterh.) ; Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 44.
The specimens from the Rio Napo have an obsolete orange band at the base of the upper mandible, which extends rather more for- ward in front of the nostrils. Bogota specimens have the bill black.
151. SELENIDERA REINWARDTI (Wagl.); Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 35. g et 9.
152. AULACORHAMPHUS ALBIVITTATUS (Boiss.) ; Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 49.
153. Curysotis AMAZONICA (Gm.), Buff. Pl. Enl. 547.—Psit¢. amazonicus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 588. sp. 7.
154. Curysotis rarrnosa (Bodd.), Buff. Pl. Enl. 861.—Psit¢. pulverulentus, auct., et Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 582. sp. 4.
155. CarysoTis MERCENARIA (Tsch.).—Ps. mercenarius, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 270.
I refer this bird to Tschudi’s species, because it agrees with his description. It does not agree with the figure given in the ‘ Fauna Peruana,’ as that represents a red patch in the wing. But the plates of this work are so untrustworthy, that I think it is unad-
rousses, ne portent aucune bande noire, tandis que le C. verreauri a toutes ces parties d’un roux marron clair uniforme et n’a que quelques taches noires sur les petites tectrices alaires.
“On ne confondra pas non plus cette espeéce nouvelle avec le C. castaneus (Licht. nee Swainson) décrit par Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 515, ou Ladioides, Less. (Cent. Zool. pl. 14. p. 56. 1830-31, et Trait. d’Orn. p. 226, 1831), dont elle a aussi la taille et les caractéres.”
* Since separated specifically by Mr. Gould under the title Andigena spilorhyn- chus, P.Z.S. March 23rd.
76
visable to pay too much attention to them, particularly as I have already been led into error by following them as a guide instead of the letter-press. This bird may be recognized among its congeners by the yellow bend of the wing, by the want of the red: wing-mark, and by the blue patch on the outer web of the exterior pair of tail-feathers, the inner web, and both webs of the second, third, fourth and fifth pair having a large red spot, and the middle pair being wholly green. The same bird is in the British Museum from New Grenada (Bogota).
156. Carica BARRABANDI (Kuhl), Le Vaill. Perr. pl. 134. 157. CAIcCA MELANOCEPHALA (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 527.
158. Ara miuirarts (Linn.).—Sittace militaris, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 668. sp.%85; Edwards’ Birds, pl. 313.
159. ConurRuS GUIANENSIs (Gm.) ?
160. Conurus WEDDELLI, Deville, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p- 209.—Maracana weddellii, DesMurs, Voy. de Casteln, Ois. pl. 2. p- 13.
161. Conurus sucuuaris, Deville, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p- 209; DesMurs, Voy. de Casteln. Ois. pl. 3. fig. 2. p. 15.
162. Conurus ?
A new species, which M. Jules Verreaux has undertaken to de- scribe.
163. Leproptiza puBusi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 75.
164. CHLora@nas speciosa (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 213; Bp. Consp. li. p. 54.
165. PeNnELOPE PIPILE (Gm.).
166. PENELOPE ?
167. OrTrALIDA MONTAGNII, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 875 (May 12th, 1856).
168. OrTaLipA GuTTATA (Spix).—Penelope guttata, Spix, Av. Bras. il. p. 55. pl. 73.
169. ABURRIA CARUNCULATA (Temm.), Bp. Gall. Consp. Syst. in Compt. Rend. (May 12th, 1856).
170. Tinamvus suuivus, Bp.
171. Psopnia ——? (affinis P. crepitanti).
An example of this peculiar S. American genus is in the collection, which M. Jules Verreaux considers referable to a new species. Such is very probably the case, unless it be the same as one of the two new Psophia, \ately described by Pelzeln in the ‘ Sitzungsberichte’ of the
77
Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. But 1 have not access to specimens for comparison, so as to enable me to satisfy myself on this point, and I therefore prefer leaving it to M. Jules Verreaux, who is better acquainted with these birds than I am, to make further researches on this, the result of which I hope to induce him to com- municate to this Society.
172. Nycrrcorax GARDEN! (Gm.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 141. 173. HARpPreRION CAYENNENSIS (Gm.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 155,
174. Ruyncuors niGRa, Linn.
February 9, 1858. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.
Mr. Gould exhibited to the Meeting British specimens of the Motacilla. flava of Ray, which had been shot by Mr. Thirtle of Lowestoft, to whom Mr. Gould was indebted for the following note as to its occurrence in that part of England :—
“In February 1855, at Lowestoft there were to be seen on a large extent of waste grass land called the Denes, from 70 to 80 Yellow Wagtails, which is a very uncommon occurrence, for we seldom have more than two or three pairs during the whole summer, and last summer (viz. 1857) I did not see one, although I looked for them several times.
«The birds named as above in 1855 were to be seen from about the 12th of February until the latter end of March. On the 14th of February I observed amongst them a Grey-headed Wagtail, and im- mediately went home for my gun, and I shot it and preserved the same: the head was only partially grey. The next day I killed a better specimen ; and within a fortnight from killing the first, I ob- tained seven specimens in all, they being all male birds. I have no doubt that there were females with them, but I could not make them out from the Yellow Wagtails.
«The last killed were in the best plumage.
During the time these birds were on the Denes the wind was blowing from the north-east, with bright sunny days ; and the wind had been blowing from the same quarter from about Sept. 20th, 1854, and continued to do so until April 13th, 1855, not having any other direction for twenty-four hours during the whole time.
«IT know only of two instances of the Grey-headed Wagtail being
78
killed in this locality—one male in the last week of May 1851, and a male in May 1852: this was with a female. * JamES THIRTLE, ‘Bird Preserver, &c., Lowestoft.”
Mr. Gould also called the attention of the Meeting to three beautiful specimens of Steller’s Duck, which had been brought for exhibition by Mr. Stevens. Mr. Gould remarked, that although this species was a native of high northern regions, even to within the Arctic circle, it had been more than once killed in England. The bird certainly belongs to the family of the true diving ducks, of which the King and the Eider may be considered typical examples, and with these it has usually been associated by ornithologists ; but the female differs remarkably from the females of those species in pos- sessing a well-marked speculum on the wing, and the bill on exami- nation will be found to differ in form, approaching nearly to that of the Smew (genus Mergellus), or perhaps still more nearly to that of Merganetta ; but it is not precisely like that organ in either of those genera, and Mr. Gould therefore considered that Mr. G. R. Gray had very properly made it the type of a new genus, Eniconetta.
The following papers were read :—
1. On THE CHARACTERS OF FOUR SPECIES OF BATS INHABITING Eurore anp ASIA, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A New SPECIES OF VESPERTILIO INHABITING he AEE By Rosert F. Tomes.
(Mammalia, Pl. LX.)
One of the most beautiful of the Bat kind is the Vespertilio pictus of Pallas. Like many of its congeners, it has been abundantly supplied with titles. One of these is V esp. Kerivoula, given to it by Boddaert.
Dr. Gray having perceived that it possessed some peculiarities which entitled it to further consideration, and to still further di- stinction, proposed to elevate it to the rank of a distinct genus, and employed the rejected name given to it by Boddaert by which to de- signate the new genus.
In the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ vol. x., Dr. Gray made it the type of his genus Kerivoula, and associated with it several other species which he considered as representatives also of the new genus. Without going at length into the details of the examination which have led me to make use of the generic name above noticed, I may mention, that throughout the present commu- nication, whenever I have occasion to speak of the species, it will be under the name of Kerivoula picta. But whilst I adopt this name for the species, I reject most of the associates provided for it.
The great beauty of the Kerivoula picta consists in its bright rust- coloured fur, and in its pied orange-and-black membranes. But
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there is another species which in respect of colour greatly resembles it, indeed far surpasses it. It is a native of China, and the speci- men from which the illustration accompanying the present paper was taken, was presented to the British Museum by Mr. Fortune, its precise locality being Shanghai.
At the time the illustration was executed, I supposed, from the extraordinary richness of its colour, that it could not be a known or described species, and I had proposed to give it the name of Vesp. rufo-niger. A careful examination, however, of specimens of Vesp. Jormosa in the British and East India Company’s Museums has shown me that it differs from that species chiefly in the intensity of the colour of the fur and membranes.
The examination of these examples led further to the inspection of the Vesp. rufo-pictus of Waterhouse, and again to some other species possessed of similar forms, but not gifted with the beauty of colour observed in those mentioned above.
It will be the purpose of this communication to point out these species, and to endeavour to show that none are referable to the genus Kerivoula (supposing it to be typified by the Kerivoula picta), in which some of them have been placed by Dr. Gray.
In general form the examples of this group—scareely of sub- generic importance—bear some resemblance to the common Vesp. murinus of Europe. They all have a somewhat thick though not broad muzzle, and a crown but slightly raised above the level of the face ; nostrils which are removed from each other by only a moderate interval, and that interval not emarginate in the specimens preserved in spirit, although very slightly so in those which are dried. The ears are in all the species more or less ovoid, and deeply and evenly hollowed or scooped out about the middle of the outer margin, as in the Vesp. emarginatus of Europe. The tragus is rather long, nearly straight, and diminishes evenly to an acute point. The mem- branes of the wings extend to the base of the toes, and the latter are much longer than the remaining part of the foot ; and as if for the sake of uniformity, the terminal phalange of the thumb is much longer than the basal one*.
The fur is everywhere thick and cottony, and is either bicoloured or tricoloured, with a tendency to spread on to the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane.
At present I have not had the opportunity of examining the cra-
* The great length of the toes in relation to the length of the foot depends very much on the elongation of the phalange next to the one bearing the claw ; and it is the corresponding phalange of the thumb that is so much the longest. It would appear worthy of inquiry whether the corresponding phalanges of the fingers are relatively longer. This I do not find to be absolutely the case, although in Miniopteris reversed proportions of the comparative length of the toes with the remaining part of the foot take place, accompanied by corresponding reversed proportions in the length of the phalanges of the fingers. Thus the toes are short, and the phalanges of the fingers which answer to them, equally short; in the present group the toes are long, and the joint of the thumb which corresponds, elongated in accordance with them; but the wing-joints exhibit no such relative proportions.
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nium of either of the species, but am able to observe in the speci- mens in spirit and in those in skin, that the front teeth are of con- siderable substance in relation to their length, and that the upper incisors are placed in pairs, the pairs being separated from the canines by a considerable interval on each side, and from each other by a central interspace.
From the Kerivoula picta, and a few more allied species, this group differs remarkably in not having the top of the head elevated, in having the muzzle much thicker relatively, in the greatly inferior development of the ear-couch, and in several other minor details. However, it agrees with Kerivoula in the form of the tragus, and in some measure in the texture of the fur.
1. VESPERTILIO EMARGINATUS, Geoff.
V. emarginatus, Geoff. Ann. du Mus. t. viii. p. 198. pl. 46 & 48, 1806; Desm. Mam. p. 140, 1820; Millet, Faun. de Maine et Loire, t. i. p. 10, 1828; Fisch. Synop. Mam. p. 105, 1829; Bonap. Fauna Italica, 1. 1832-42 ; Temm. Mon. ii. p. 190. pl. 51, 1835-41 ; Hollandre, Faune de la Moselle, p. 6, 1836 ; De Selys-Longch. Etud. Micromamm. p. 139, 1839; Faune Belge, pp. 1, 20 & 300. pl. 2.
f. 4, 1842; Schinz, Europ. Fauna, 1. p- 15, 1840; Synop. Mamm.
i. p. 154, 1844.
Although the present well-marked species is cancelled from the European list by MM. Keyserling and Blasius, it is certainly a per- fectly distinct and easily recognizable species, and not uncommon in several localities on the continent of Europe; but does not I believe occur in the British Islands. I have seen and examined specimens in the Museums of Leyden and Paris ; in the latter, the type spe- cimens from Charlemont and Abbeville, together with others col- lected by M. de Selys-Longchamps in Belgium; but I sought in vain for the specimen which M. Brongniart obtained near Dover. I believe that it was merely an old female of V. mystacinus, and per- haps from its cranium the illustration was taken which accompanies the description given by M. Geoffroy. At any rate that figure re- presents with tolerable accuracy the cranium of V. mystacinus, and is obviously too small for the V’. emarginatus, as well as being too much inflated. I arrived at this conclusion, having before me the plate and the type specimens.
I cannot learn that this species has been met with, excepting on the continent of Europe. Whilst many other European species occur not only over the whole of Europe, but also in Madeira, the Mediterranean shores of Africa, and even as far in Africa as Lake Ngami, the present one appears to be confined to France, Belgium, Holland, and the environs of Rome.
The following description has been taken from the specimens in the Paris Museum :-—
Muzzle rather long, thick in a vertical direction, but not broad ; top of the head very slightly elevated ; nostrils small, near together ; ears of medium size, ovoid, with a distinct and regular notch near
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the middle of their outer margins; tragus narrow and tapering to an acute point, which is directed outwards ; its outer margin has a notch near the base.
Wing-membranes extending to the base of the toes; the latter longer than the remaining part of the foot ; thumb with the free portion much longer than that which is engaged in the membrane.
The fur of the forehead, which is very thick, extends uninter- ruptedly to halfway between the end of the nose and the eyes; all the side of the face from the root of the ear to the snout is naked, with the exception of a tuft of stiff hairs in front of the eye and a moustache on the upper lip. The ears are a little hairy at the base of their hinder surface, and the fur of the back encroaches a little on the interfemoral membrane.
Everywhere the fur is very thick, soft, and cottony, with</