The Butterflies and Moths of Lincolnshire The Micro-moths and Species to 2004 * ' % A' A -:'V — '2 - *9 > Revised by Colin Smith Natural Histoi Museum Librar 000342455 The Butterflies and Moths of Lincolnshire o ‘I OCT 2006 f SMTDR4CXQGY LBRARY j The Micro-moths and Species Review to 1996 by Rex Johnson M.Ed. Species Review 1996 to 2004 by Colin Smith © Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union Lincoln 2006 Cover photograph: Merveille du Jour by Roger H Labbett ISBN 0 948005 08 4 ISBN 978 0 948005 07 7 Dedication Joe (Joseph Henry) Duddington was president of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union from 1977-1978 and Lepidoptera Recorder from 1973 to 1986. He died on July 11th. 1992, aged 83. He left the world as he would have wanted - he was on a butterfly recording holiday in Devon and had written up his morning sightings in his notebook when he suffered a heart attack and was gone. He left a bequest to the LNU to enable a publication to be funded at some time in the future. CONTENTS Dedication i Introduction iii Butterfly and moth recording since 1983 iii Microlepidoptera Recording In Lincolnshire iii A Note on Nomenclature iv Format of the Main Table of Species iv Species Number iv Species Name iv National Status v Vice-County Records v Comments and Records v Abbreviations used in records v Dates v Recorders v Data not included in the Main Table vi Acknowledgements vi In Conclusion vi Species review update to 2004 vii References & Further Reading viii Species' Status ix-x Lincolnshire Lepidoptera - Table and Records 1-49 Macro-moth records by year to 2004 50-62 Macro-moth records by year to 2004 63-79 Contributors of LNU Records 80-81 Index 82-94 ii The Butterflies and Moths of Lincolnshire The Micro-moths and Species Review to 1996. Introduction This review supplements, rather than replaces The Butterflies and Larger Moths of Lincolnshire and South Humberside co-authored by Joe Duddington and myself and published by the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union in 1983 (Duddington & Johnson, 1983). Our 1983 book has chapters on Lincolnshire as a habitat, the county's geology and scenery, flora, weather, wildlife and conservation, etc., with most sections written by knowledgeable guest contributors. Its “Records” section has as many lines allocated to each species as is needed to give historical background, a good number of records, details of typical habitat, time of emergence in the county, and larval food-plant, etc. This is followed by charts, maps and lists which refer to lepidoptera families, county topography, habitats, geology etc. which add to the other sections of the book. There is no room for such a breadth of coverage here and the 1983 book remains relevant to anyone interested in Lincolnshire lepidoptera. It is inevitable that a book based on natural history records becomes out of date as soon as it is published and the above book is no exception. Since 1983 new species have been discovered in the county. Some species have gone into decline while others are obviously thriving and expanding their range. Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union members get information about new discoveries and trends in the annual Transactions, and the only way for this information to be made available on a wider scale is for the Union to publish periodic supplements to the 1983 butterfly and moth book and, in effect, that is what this is. What better way to put Joe’s generosity to use than to produce a lepidoptera publication in his memory, to add to the knowledge he put into the 1983 book? This book also covers the micro-moths - the “microlepidoptera” - which were not covered in 1983 and which have not been reviewed in the county since GW Mason's Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire in six parts in Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union (Mason, 1905-1918). I have attempted to produce a brief but comprehensive catalogue / check-list of all moths ever recorded in Lincolnshire and this publication therefore includes the first systematic micro list for nearly 80 years. Butterfly and macro-moth recording since 1983 I took over from Joe as LNU moth recorder in 1986. The number of recorders was growing at that time and has steadily continued to do so since. I’ve been fortunate to receive an expanding volume of data annually. I began to put macro data on a spread-sheet covering the period of a decade (i.e. 1986 to 1995), and started to interest myself in recording some of the families of smaller moths, as did a few other recorders. In 1994, I commenced the transfer of current LNU moth records onto the computer biological recording package “Recorder”, intending ultimately to work backwards through all LNU records to the 1700s. Sufficient data for a new Lepidoptera supplement and review has now become available. It has been evident that each year (1986-95) we have found a growing percentage of the total Lincolnshire list of macro moths (75% of the all-time total in 1995 alone). Over the period of the survey, more than 87% of this grand total has been recorded, or, excluding the most rare migrants and casual vagrants, we have records for 95% of the all-time list. It is encouraging to have an indication that such a high proportion of our moths are surviving - in spite of all the modifications there have been to the county over the last century. The third section of this booklet illustrates the above in a simple tabulation indicating presence or absence of records of macro moths over the last decade. It gives a quick insight into which species are seen every year and which are only occasionally recorded- being therefore of special interest when they do turn up. Soon after I took over as the Lepidoptera recorder from Joe in 1986, Allan Binding took on the Butterfly section and I was able to concentrate solely on moths. Allan still maintains all Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union butterfly records. In the meantime, the British Butterfly Conservation Society (Butterfly Conservation) has become more involved in butterfly recording and there is an open exchange of all records from the LNU to Butterfly Conservation and vice versa. Microlepidoptera Recording In Lincolnshire The original county lepidoptera lists, including microlepidoptera, were published by GW Mason in LNU Transactions in a series of papers Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire in six parts (Mason, 1905-1918). Mason also gave his presidential address to the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union in 1917 on the subject of microlepidoptera (Mason, 1917). Some of his specimens finished up with Mr VT Crow of Louth museum, others with Mr JE Musham at the City of Lincoln Museum. The latter collection was “lost” within the confines of the museum as interest in microlepidoptera faded but it was re-discovered a couple of years ago and has been treated to preserve the specimens which now await examination. As a brief aside, it is worth saying that Mason's original macro lists were remarkably accurate and complete and it looks as though the micro lists are to the same standard. He had his micro specimens verified by Miss E Maude Alderson of Worksop, by Mr EA Atmore of Kings Lynn and his brother Mr WA Atmore of Grantham. Also involved in verification were Mr Louis B Prout, Mr Harwood, and Mr JW Tutt. Mason, Miss Alderson, Mr EA Atmore and a number of other Lincolnshire lepidoptera recorders are named by Tutt as subscribers “sharing the responsibility of publication” or, by implication, as “field workers” for his 1 901 -1905 “Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist" series, ’ recently re-printed by the Amateur Entomologists' Society (T utt, 1 994). Mr Maitland Emmet, author and editor of the Moths and Butterflies of great Britain & Ireland (Heath and Emmet, 1976 et seq) informed me that EA Atmore was a semi-professional collector employed by Lord Walsingham. He was “prominent and well-respected in his day”, adding a few species to the British list. Mason lived in Barton-upon-Humber and a disproportionate number of his micro records come from VC54 - the Northern half of the county. For similar reasons, so do mine and, while there are many records from past and present LNU members from VC53 and from visitors to the county, it is safe to say that the south is still very much under-recorded and there is much to be discovered. A good number of micro records in the Table of Species come from “in-county” recorders, but it has to be said that where micros are concerned we are in a "learning” situation- dealing confidently with some families, and treading warily with others. The publication of the Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland series is gradually doing away with the problem of the shortage of up to date illustrated keys, etc., to aid identification, and future volumes dealing with the micros are eagerly awaited. Many of the records in the Main Table come from “out-of-county" experts, and for these I am extremely grateful. A Note on Nomenclature While writing the 1983 book with Joe, I became familiar enough with the sections of LNU Transactions concerning the macro moths but had never - until the idea of this review arose, delved deeply into the micros. I soon floundered as I tried to compare Mason’s nomenclature with that in current usage, so I decided to make a systematic translation of his original lists. It took a considerable time to complete this, surrounding myself with books such as Heslop (1964), Ford (1949), Bradley & Fletcher (1986), Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1973,1979) and Emmet (1979,1988), etc. as I followed what seemed like very convoluted trails. On completion, Maitland Emmet kindly interested himself in my list and sent several pages of advice as to what Mason had really recorded, and as to how acceptable the original records were. The first time I sent recent LNU micro records to Mr Emmet I provided him with just over 100 vice-county records that were unknown to him. In return, he sent me a list of over 60 micro species “new” to Lincolnshire - that I was unaware had ever been seen here. I value his involvement greatly, as I realise that without his remarkable expertise my final list would have contained more than a few inaccuracies. The names used by Mason are included in the main tabulation of species. Format of the Main Table of Species Species Number The first two columns contain the reference numbers as used by Bradley & Fletcher (1986) and Heslop (1964). Our 1983 Butterflies and Moths book was based on Heslop’s nomenclature and numbers which are again included here to enable readers of the original book to make accurate cross reference between the record sections of the two works. This is essential as the taxonomic order used by Bradley & Fletcher is considerably different from that by Heslop. Species Name The second column contains the species' Latin name used in Bradley & Fletcher (1986) or as recently amended by AM Emmet and due to be published in Moths & Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. The third column lists the micro-moth species names as they were originally published by Mason in Transactions IV (Mason, 1 909 -1 91 8) and is left blank for species which Mason had not recorded. For the butterflies and macro moths this column is used for the English names given in Bradley & Fletcher (1986). Some of these are different from those used by Fleslop (1964) and hence in our 1983 book, which means there are differences between the English names used the 1983 book and this supplement. National Status The next column gives the abbreviated national status as included in the “Recorder” computer biological recording package- derived from Hadleigh (1985), Parsons, (1984, 1993 & 1995) and Waring (in prep) to enable recorders to be aware of which species are of Red Data Book status or are Nationally Scarce as they come across them in the county. These are abbreviated in the tabulation and the abbreviations and definitions are given later in this section. Vice-County Records These two columns indicate in which of the vice-counties each species was recorded in Mason’s time and subsequently. Vice-counties were not mentioned in the 1983 work as we mistakenly thought that the future would solely be in 10km squares/tetrads/grid references etc. Mr Emmet, however, pointed out that there is still a lot to be said for listing records in vice-counties, as is done in some volumes of The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland ( Fleath & Emmet, 1976 et seq) so they are listed here for comparison. Lincolnshire is divided into two vice-counties (VC53 - south and VC54 - north), by a line which more or less follows the Fossdyke Navigation and the River Witham and runs roughly in a northwest to southeast diagonal through the middle of Lincoln and Boston (see Key & Houghton (1994) for further explanation and maps). Unfortunately a few old records are placed at “Lincoln" or “Boston", and it is now impossible to apportion them with certainty to the correct VC. For a very small number of the older records I have had to make a guess based on knowledge of where the recorder lived and recorded. Demand for the first edition of this publication exceeded expectation. Stocks were sold within weeks, and our printer approached to produce additional copies. As a result, this second printing of the county list has enabled a few new records to be added, -including those for Vice Counties -complete to the end of 1996. In the first edition new Vice County records identified in late 1996 were marked with an asterisk (*) against the Vice-County number in the appropriate column, and were sent out as a two side supplement. Comments and Records The final column comments on the status in Lincolnshire of Butterflies and macro moths for common species, since representative records have been given in the 1983 book. The scarcer species, however, have records given to indicate where a species has recently occurred. Recent records are given for micro-moths and these are given priority over Mason's original records as it is really more important to know what is currently surviving in the county. Abbreviations used in records For brevity, abbreviations for some places, dates and names of recorders have sometimes been used. Chamber's, etc., Chamber’s Farm, Wood and Plantation complex Gib. Pt., Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve Lep. Lines 1 - 6, Records from Mason's county fauna in Transactions of the LNU MBGBI records derived from Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. (Heath & Emmet, 1976 et seq) S.-T. Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe National Nature Reserve R. Rothamsted Surveys at Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe National Nature Reserve Dates Dates may be entered simply as 1995 or 6/7/1995. Anyone needing more comprehensive date coverage is welcome to contact me. It can be made available but not in the space here. Recorders Recorders have traditionally had names abbreviated to initials which identify them. A list of names and initials used is given after the species tables. Most of these recorders will be familiar to Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union members- v but there will be a few who will be unknown to them since they contributed the records recently sent to me by Maitland Emmet. These are included below. Full data was not available for some of the records notified by Mr Emmet but the authority of the recorders - and the fact that these records are those quoted in Heath & Emmet 1976 et seq.) means that they are very acceptable. Recorders for records supplied by Mr Emmet are: Dr. D.J.L. Agassiz- author of Yponomeutidae in MBGBI, also of records in other families. Mr Barry Dickerson, lepidoptera recorder for Cambridgeshire, who identified all micro species found during the 1995 lime-woods survey led by Dr Paul Waring A. M. Emmet- MBGBI editor, main author for Coleophoridae, as well as several other families in the series. E.F. Hancock- author of Tortricidae in MBGBI; also other records. L. W. Hardwick- of Cheshire, who recorded in Lines. John Heath- formerly joint editor MBGBI series & head of Biological Records Centre Dr J.R.Langmaid- author of Oecophoridae in MBGBI. Has recorded in Lines, with AME & PHS. M. S. Parsons- author of “A review of scarce and threatened pyralid moths of Great Britain”. The late E.C.Pelham-Clinton- who would have been author of Elachistidae in MBGBI. Full data of his Lincolnshire records are held at the National Museums of Scotland. P.A.Sokoloff- author, in part, of Gelechiidae in MBGBI. M.J. Sterling- formerly of Nottingham University and has made collecting trips into Lincolnshire Dr. P.H. Sterling- author of Pyralidae in MBGBI, and has recorded in Lines.. Dr. I.A.Watkinson- author of Phyllonorycter in MBGBI, who now lives in the U.S.A.. Data not included in the Main Table: As implied in the Introduction, there is no room in this booklet for individual species descriptions, habitat preferences, time of emergence, larval food-plant etc., as was given for the macro species in the 1983 LNU publication ( which is available from the LNU publications secretary). Such information for micros is readily available in Emmet ( 1979 & 1988) and for micros and macros in MBGBI Vol.7, pp.61-303 in a most substantial comprehensive table. Additional macro information can be obtained from Skinner (1984) , etc., and details of sources for many families can be found in the following section of References and Further Reading. Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful for Maitland Emmet's time in sifting through the records for me, to notify me of species recorded by visitors to the county and to sort out the species' nomenclature. An Appendix shows that many eminent lepidopterists have spent time adding to the county list. This supplement has only been possible because of the effort of Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union and other recorders and I need to thank them all. The bulk of the data over the last ten years has, however, come from the following and they need to be thanked specifically: Allan, Annette and Jillian Binding; Andrew Credland and Alf McGowan; Joe Duddington; Adrian Gardiner; Bill Hoff and Beth Dawson; John Jaines and Geoff. Wright; Mark Joy; John Lamin; Dick Lorand and Mick Speight; John Petyt; Rick Pilcher; Keith Robertson; Ken Skelton and family; Colin Smith and Kevin Wilson. These recorders, along with myself and my wife Wendy, have done much to add to our insight into the status of the Lincolnshire lepidoptera. In Conclusion This is basically a list of all Lincolnshire’s moths known to me at the time of writing, with the briefest indication of their frequency or of the area in which they have been seen. There will certainly be omissions, and information to rectify these will be gratefully received. In another decade or so another up-date will surely be needed. Rex Johnson, LNU moth recorder 1986-1996- vi Species review update to 2004 Introduction Firstly I would like to thank Rex for all his help over the years helping with identification and passing on his acquired knowledge which has inspired me to find out more. I am also grateful for the opportunity to build on the work he put into this publication. The layout remains the same and so does quite a lot of the content as I have only looked forward from 1996. It is pleasing though to see what a large proportion of species have been recorded during those nine years. Macro Moths Recording steadied a little in the late nineties but has been slowly increasing since the turn of the century. Moth numbers however have not been very good, there were three good years 1995-7 but since then both the number of species seen and the quantities caught have been lower. The emergence dates of species has also changed over the last decade and although this book does not cover this it is a factor that has changed since the original 1983 book. Many species are now on the wing earlier and due to more broods later as well a trend to watch out for. I have tried to comment on the relative abundance or scarcity of each species and where this is not common the most recent record from each vice county is shown. Vice county details have also been added to the year table into which I have incorporated the historical record coverage allowing you to see the full picture at a glance. It must be said here that this table only represents what has been recorded not what is actually present. As there have been times in the past when little recording was done in the south it can appear that species where not there when they almost certainly where. Micro Moths There is a growing interest in the micro moths but there is still a lot of work to be done. Over 130 species have been added to the county list since 1995. Publication of further volumes of MBGBI and other identification guides has greatly helped, as has the availability of images and information on the internet. Many of the micro’s can only be positively identified as adults by examination of their genitailia, descriptions of which are now in the new guides allowing a wider use of this technique. Most of the additions are common species that were formerly not in the identification guides and have always been around, others have been unexpected and may be new in the county. I have been able to have a look through some of the specimens collected by GW Mason and have found them to be accurately identified, it is amazing how he managed to achieve this without all the information and technology we now take for granted. I have updated the nomenclature to that used currently and not tried to cross reference it to the old book, the B&F numbers remain the same so can be used for that. Where enough records are available I have commented on the species as common but as there is still so much work to be done most species just have the most recent records in the Comments/records column. There is now a year table for the micros in the same format as the macros. There are many species of micros that rarely come to light and it would be nice to see a growth in the use of other collection methods like sweeping, beating and the study of leaf mines to help fill in the gaps in our knowledge. One site that I run a light trap weekly has a colony of Glyphipterix fuscoviridella ten meters away which are easily netted but have never appeared in the light trap, there is also a colony of Stathmopoda pedella on Alder only five meters away one morning I beat ten specimens from the tree but in fifteen years only one specimen has ever turned up in the light trap. I hope the information in this book will inspire you to go and find out more. VII References & Further Reading References BRADLEY, J.D , & FLETCHER, D.S., 1986, An Indexed List of British Butterflies and Moths BRADLEY, J.D., TREMEWAN, WG, & SMITH, A., (1973 & 1979) British Tortricoid Moths, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 Ray Society. London. DUDDINGTON, J.H., & JOHNSON, R., 1983, The Butterflies and Larger Moths of Lincolnshire and South Humberside. Lincolnshire Natural History brochure No. 10, Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, Lincoln. EMMET, A.M., 1979 A Field Guide to the Smaller British Lepidoptera, British Entomological & Natural History Society, London. EMMET, A.M., 1988 A Field Guide to the Smaller British Lepidoptera, 2nd Edition. British Entomological & Natural History Society, London. FORD, L.T., 1949, A Guide to the Smaller British Lepidoptera. South London Entomological and Natural History Society. London. HADLEY, M., 1985, A National Review of British Macrolepidoptera, listing both national and regional rarities. 2nd Edition. Fully Revised. Invertebrate Site Register, Report No. 46, Nature Conservancy Council. London. HEATH. J., EMMET, A.M., (eds)1976 et seq, The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain & Ireland, 1976 Vol. 1, Micropterigidae- Heliozelidae 1985, Vol. 2, Cossidae- Heliodinidae 1996, Vol. 3, Yponomeutidae-Elachistidae 1989, Vol. 7 (1), Hesperiidae- Nymphalidae 1991, Vol. 7 (2), Lasiocampidae- Thyatyridae 1979, Vol. 9, Sphingidae- Noctuidae (part) 1983, Vol. 10, Noctuidae (completed)- Agaristidae HESLOP, I.R.P., 1964 with Supplements to 1970, Revised Indexed Check-List of the British Lepidoptera KEY, R.S., 1986. Review of Invertebrate Sites in England - Humberside. Parts 1 & 2. Invertebrate Site Register, Reports No. 61. Nature Conservancy Council. Peterborough KEY, R.S. 1987. Rare and Notable species in Yorkshire and Humberside. Species ecology and site occurrence. Invertebrate Site Register Report No. 82. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough KEY, R.S. 1994. Invertebrate Status Categories. Section Invertebrates 3.2 in Gent, A. 1994. Species Conservation Handbook. English Nature. Peterborough. KEY, R., & HOUGHTON, J, 1994, A Naturalist's Directory of Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union, Lincoln. KIRBY, P. 1987. Review of Invertebrate Sites in England - Lincolnshire. Parts 1 & 2. Invertebrate Site Register, Reports No. 92. Nature Conservancy Council. Peterborough MASON, G.W., 1905-1908, The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 1 , Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 1, 174-191. MASON, G.W., 1905-1908, The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 2, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 1, 230-262. MASON, G.W., 1909-191 1 , The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 3, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 2. 75-103. MASON, G.W., 1909-191 1 , The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 4, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 2, 176-219. MASON, G.W., 1912-1915, The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 5, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 3, 170, MASON, G.W., 1916-1918, The Lepidoptera of Lincolnshire, Part 6, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 4, 16-17. MASON, G.W., 1917, The Microlepidoptera of Lincolnshire- Presidential Address for 1917, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 4. 1916-1918, 77-86. PARSONS, M.S. 1984. A Provisional National review of the Status of British Microlepidoptera. Invertebrate Site Register Report No 53. Nature Conservancy Council. London. PARSONS, M.S., 1993, A review of the scarce and threatened pyralid moths of Great Britain, U.K. Nature Conservation No. 1 1, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. PARSONS, M.S., 1995, A review of the scarce and threatened ethmiine, stathmopodine and gelechiid moths of Great Britain, U.K. Nature Conservation No. 16, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. TUTT, J.W., 1994 facsimile edition of 1901-1905 originals, Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist, Amateur Entomologists’ Society, London. WARING, P. (in prep) A review of the scarce and threatened macro-moths of Great Britain. UK Nature Conservation. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Peterborough. Publications with Lincolnshire Records AMATEUR ENTOMOLOGISTS' SOCIETY BULLETINS, 1960-1975 BRITISH BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SOCIETY [ BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION], 1977-1995, B.B.C.S.News & Local Newsletters DUDDINGTON, J.H., 1965. Butterflies & Some Species of Moths from the Scunthorpe District, Journal of the Scunthorpe Museum Society 2 1- 6. DUDDINGTON, J.H., 1978, The Ecological Diversity of Lincolnshire and South Humberside With Reference to the Macro-lepidoptera, Presidential Address, Transactions of Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union. 19. 117-127. ENTOMOLOGIST, THE, 1945-1971. ENTOMOLOGISTS’ GAZETTE, Vol. 1- Vol. 30. ENTOMOLOGISTS' MONTHLY MAGAZINE. ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD & JOURNAL OF VARIATION. JOHNSON, R., DUDDINGTON, JH & WALTER. P.W.R.. 1 969 (unpublished), Checklist of Local Lepidoptera, Scunthorpe Museum LINCOLNSHIRE TRUST FOR NATURE CONSERVATION, 1988, Endangered Wildlife in Lincolnshire & South Humberside- A Red-Data Report [New edition in press 1 996] MASON, G.W., 1905-1908, A List of Lincolnshire Butterflies, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 1, 76-85. MASON, G.W., 1912-1915 & 1916-1918, Section Officers' Reports- Entomology, Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union. 3, 31-32, 96-97, 168-169:4, 70-71, NATURALIST, THE (Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union). SKIDMORE, P., LIMBERT, M. & EVERSHAM, B.C., 1985, The Insects of Thorne Moors. Sorby Record, No. 23 [supplement] TRANSACTIONS OF THE LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 1893-1995. WARING, P., 1990-1995, Wildlife Reports- Moths, British Wildlife Magazine Further Identification and general guides not referred to in the text. AGASSIZ, D.J.L., 1 987, A Recorder's Log Book or Label List of British Butterflies and Moths. Addenda & Corrigenda . Harley Books. AGASSIZ, D.J.L., 1987, The British Argyresthiinae & Yponomeutinae. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological & Natural History Society, 20. 1 -26. BEIRNE, B.P., 1954, British Pyralid & Plume Moths. Warne VIII BRADLEY, J.D., & FLETCHER, D.S., 1979, A Recorder’s Log Book or Label List of British Butterflies and Moths. Curwen. BRADLEY, J.D., FLETCHER, D.S., & HALL-SMITH, D.H., 1983, A Recorder’s Log Book or Label List of British Butterflies and Moths. Index- together with Addenda & Corrigenda . Leicestershire Museums Service. BROWN, S.C.S., 1946-1947, Caloptilia , a genus of Tineina. Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural Historv Society, 157-167. BROWN, S.C.S., 1952-1953, The British Lyonetiidae Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 110-116. FORD, L.T.. 1945-1946, The Psychidae. Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. 103-110. FORD. L.T.. 1949-1950. The Plutellidae. Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society, 85-93. FORD, L.T.. 1952-1953, The Glyphipterygidae & allied families Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 90-99. GIELIS, C., 1996, Pterophoridae, Microlepidoptera of Europe. Vol.1 Apollo Books. GOATER. B.. 1986, British Pyralid Moths Harley Books GODFRAY, H.C.J. & STERLING, P .H., 1993, The British Epermeniidae. British Journal of Entomology & Natural History, 6. 141-147. HUEMER, P., 1993, The British Species of Caryocolum British Journal of Entomology & Natural History, 6. 144-155. JACOBS, S.N.A., 1947-1948, The British Lampronidae & Adelidae. Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 209-219. JACOBS, S.N.A., 1948-1949, British Oecophoridae & allied genera (1) Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 123-141. JACOBS, S.N.A., 1949-1950, The British Oecophoridae (2), Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 187-203. 1 JACOBS, S.N.A., 1954-1955, The British Oecophoridae. (3). Proceedings & Transactions of the South London Entomoloqical & Natural History Society, 53-76. SKINNER, B., 1984, Moths of the British Isles Viking Press SOKOLOFF. P A., 1985. An Introduction to the Gelechiidae. with the British Species of Teleiodes & Teleiopsis. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological & Natural History Society, 18, 99-106. SOKOLOFF, P.A. & BRADFORD. E.S., 1990, The British Species of Metzneria. Paltodora. Isophrictus, Apodia. Eulamprotes and Argolamprotes. British Journal of Entomology & Natural History, 3. 23-28. SOKOLOFF. P.A. & BRADFORD. E.S., 1993, The British Species of Monochroa, Chrysoesthia, Ptocheuusa, and Sitotroga. British Journal of Entomology & Natural History, 6. 37-44. SOUTH, R., 1939, 1961 & 1972, The Moths of the British Isles. Series 1 & 2, (3 editions) Warne, London. SOUTH. R., 1956, The Butterflies of the British Isles. Warne, London STOKOE. W.J. & STOVIN, G.H., 1948, The Caterpillars of the British Moths. Series 1 & 2, Warne, London. STOKOE, W.J. & STOVIN, G.H., 1950, The Caterpillars of the British Butterflies, Warne, London. WARING, P., 1 990-1995, National Review of the Recording and Conservation of the Rarer British Macro-Moths, N.C.C. WARING, P., 1992-1993, National Moth Conservation Project, News Bulletin 5, Butterfly Conservation Species status categories Species in Great Britain have been assigned to one of the following status categories by the Nature Conservancy Council or JNCC based mainly on the number of 10 km squares within which they have been reported since 1980. The following definitions are taken from English Nature's Species Conservation Handbook (Key, 1994). RDB1 - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY 1 - ENDANGERED Definition Taxa in danger of extinction in Great Britain and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so dramatically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction. Also included are some taxa that are possibly be extinct. Criteria. Species which are known or believed to occur as only a single population within one 10km square of the National Grid. Species which only occur in habitats known to be especially vulnerable. Species which have shown a rapid and continuous decline over the last twenty years and are now estimated to exist in five or fewer 1 0 km squares. Species which are possibly extinct but have been recorded this century but which if rediscovered would need protection. RDB2 - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY 2 - VULNERABLE Definition Taxa believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all of the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance, taxa with populations that have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security is not yet assured; and taxa with populations that are still abundant but are under threat from serious adverse factors throughout their range. Criteria Species declining throughout their range. Species in vulnerable habitats. RDB3 - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY 3 - RARE Definition Taxa with small populations In Great Britain that are not at present Endangered or Vulnerable, but are at risk. These taxa are usually localised within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. Criteria Species which are estimated to exist in only fifteen or fewer 10 km squares. This criterion may be relaxed where populations are likely to exist in over fifteen 10 km squares but occupy small areas of especially vulnerable habitat. RDB4 - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY 4 - OUT OF DANGER Taxa formerly meeting the criteria of one of the above categories but which are now considered relatively secure because effective conservation measures have been taken or the previous threat to their survival in Great Britain has been removed. No such species now occur in Lincolnshire other than the chequered skipper, now extinct in England and is subject to reintroduction attempts from abroad. RDB5 - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY 5 - ENDEMIC Definition Taxa which are not known to occur naturally outside Great Britain. Taxa within this category may also be in any of the other RDB categories or not threatened at all. IX There are few truly endemic species in Britain. Most that have been identified are in fairly obscure groups which are relatively poorly known and the species may well eventually be discovered elsewhere in Europe. No such species now occur in Lincolnshire. Extinct - RDBApp - RED DATA BOOK APPENDIX - EXTINCT Definition Taxa which formerly had breeding populations in Great Britain but which are now believed to have died out. RDBI - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY I - INDETERMINATE Definition Taxa considered to be Endangered, Vulnerable or Rare, but where there is not enough information to say which of the three categories (RDBI to 3) is appropriate. RDBK - RED DATA BOOK CATEGORY K - INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN Definition ’ Taxa that are suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to any of the above categories, because of lack of information. Criteria. Taxa recently discovered or recognised in Britain which may prove to be more widespread in the future (although some recent discoveries may be placed in other categories if the group to which they belong is thought not to be under-recorded). Taxa with very few or perhaps only a single known locality but which belong to poorly recorded or taxonomically difficult or unstable groups. Species with very few or perhaps only a single known locality, inhabiting inaccessible or infrequently sampled but widespread habitats, such as some northern moorland species, ones associated with some agricultural situations and ones which are adult only during the winter. Species with very few or perhaps only a single known locality and of questionable native status, but not clearly falling into the category of recent colonist, vagrant or introduction. pRDBx - PROVISIONAL RED DATA BOOK The prefix 'p' before any Red Data Book category implies that the grading is provisional. In the majority of cases this means that the species' status has been reconsidered and changed in a Species Group Review produced subsequent to the publication of the relevant Red Data Book. The statuses so given are described as provisional, pending the publication of a future edition of that Red Data Book. These statuses are however, based on a greater amount of evidence than was available for the original Red Data Book and therefore more likely to be a true representation of the species' actual status. The prefix 'p‘ is also used for RDB status categories in groups where a Red Data Book has not yet been produced but is in preparation, or is used for species in groups covered by the original Red Data Book, where it is considered that there is evidence that the original grading was incorrect or that there has been a genuine change in status of the taxon. NATIONALLY SCARCE (NOTABLE) SPECIES The term 'Nationally Scarce’ was adopted and replaced the term 'Notable' during the compilation of the Guidelines for the Selection of Biological SSSIs. The two terms are thus interchangeable but Nationally Scarce' is preferable. Na - NATIONALLY SCARCE CATEGORY A Definition Taxa which do not fall within RDB categories but which are none-the-less uncommon in Great Britain and thought to occur in 30 or fewer 10 km squares of the National Grid or, for less well recorded groups, within seven or fewer Vice Counties. Nb - NATIONALLY SCARCE CATEGORY B Definition Taxa which do not fall within RDB categories but which are none-the-less uncommon in Great Britain and thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10 km squares of the National Grid or, for less well recorded groups, within between eight and twenty Vice Counties. N - NATIONALLY SCARCE Definition Species which are estimated to occur in 16 to 100 10km squares in Great Britain. The subdividing of this category into Nationally Scarce A and Nationally Scarce B has not been attempted for some species because of either the degree of recording that has been carried out in the group to which the species belongs, or because there is some other reason why it is not sensible to be so exact. L - LOCAL The term local is not rigidly defined, but loosely means species confined to a particular habitat type (usually associated with better quality examples of that habitat), a particular geographic area, or species that are too widespread to warrant Nationally Scarce status but are nevertheless infrequently encountered. C - COMMON Common or very widespread species, frequently recorded. SYNANTHROPIC SPECIES Species dependent on man, his buildings, livestock or crops. UNKNOWN Species where no status has been attributed. There may be confusion over the species' taxonomy, it may belong to a poorly recorded group or may occur in an infrequently sampled habitat. However, as a species is entered into the Invertebrate Site Register or RECORDER, the status automatically defaults to 'Unknown'. Certain common or local species may therefore occasionally appear in this category if there has been no necessity to use the species record. Migrant Species which have been recorded in Britain, some occurring most years and producing a home bred generation, but which are not known to survive the winter as a rule and turn up as influxes from abroad. Transitory resident Species which have established short-lived colonies lasting a few years, as a result of suspected immigrant individuals. Vagrant/ Accidental Species which have turned up in Britain unexpectedly, in place or time, in very small numbers, usually three or fewer, especially those with distant breeding ranges and those associated with imported plant material or other foreign products. X 4 Table of recorded species of Lincolnshire Lepidoptera to 2004: From left to right, columns give: 1 Bradley- Fletcher numbers 2 Heslop numbers Further information given on p, iv of the Introduction, 3 Current Latin name 4 Latin name used by Mason, or current English name Further detail given on pp. iv-v of Introduction. 5 An indication of National Status where known See p. v & pp. viii-ix of Introduction. 6 Vice counties covered by pre-191 8 records 7 Vice counties covered by post- 191 8 records Further detail on p. v of Introduction. 8 Comments and/or examples of records See pp. v & vi of Introduction. 1 oc CO (J a> > m ( f ) d 08 O q CO -3 CD $ C 03 03 r= Q) E Q. £ CD 03 -q O CD g I ® 03 H C . 03 c 5 °> o .9 C -* Q. o3 co ~ co f CD §3 H- 03 s ! E CD LU ^ c — C/3 TO CD 03 0 03 ~ V ‘o £ 0 I ^ JO Q_ 1 § ? m LU < 9 o DC UJ H 0. O CE O -C TO 1 S CO o CO o CO o i E in in m in £ N m ro 03 — — ID CD ~ 03 CD « ,>,>,>* (D CD 03 03 Q. Q. Q. Q. 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